Примечания

Предисловие

¹ Le Carre, The Honourable Schoolboy. P. 35.

² «Terrorist Bomb in Whitehall», The Times (17 Apr 1946); Burt, Commander Burt of Scotland Yard. P. 126–127; The National Archives London [TNA] CO 537/1723 «Terrorist outrages: extension to UK».

³ Ferguson, Colossus. P. 112.

⁴ Walton and Andrew, «Still the missing dimension» in Major and Moran (eds), Spooked; классическое описание разведки как «недостающего измерения» содержится у Andrew and Noakes (eds), The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century.

⁵ Bennett, «Declassification and release policies of the UK’s intelligence agencies»; Gill, «Reasserting control: recent changes in the oversight of the UK intelligence community»; Wark, «In Never Never Land? The British archives on intelligence»; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 1—16.

⁶ Примеры более ранних исследований, в которых игнорируется британская разведка, включают Mansergh (ed.), Transfer of Power in India series; more recent studies that still overlook the subject include Clayton, «Deceptive might»: imperial defence and security, 1900–1968» in Louis (ed.), The Oxford History of the British Empire; Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars; Heinlein, British Government Policy and Decolonisation; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. Среди меньшинства исследований, в которые включена британская разведка, есть следующие: Bloch and Fitzgerald, British Intelligence and Covert Action: Africa, the Middle East and Europe Since 1945; French, Liberty or Death: India’s Journey to Independence and Division; French, The British Way in Counter-Insurgency.

⁷ Clarke, The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire; Hennessy, Never Again: Britain 1945–1951. P. 215.

⁸ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. XIII–XV.

⁹ Точка зрения Уайтхолла в 1957 г. на то, что немногие колонии получат независимость, изложена у Hyam and Louis (eds), British Documents on the End of Empire Project [BDEEP]: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire doc [3], Sir Norman Brook, «Future constitutional development in the colonies» (6 Sept 1957); Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War; Macleod, «Trouble in Africa», Spectator (31 янв. 1964).

¹⁰ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. XIV, 261, 262; Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War.

¹¹ Ben Macintyre, «The Truth Will Out», The Times (10 мая 2011); Ben Macintyre, «Mau Mau and So Much More», The Times (16 апр. 2011); Ben Macintyre, «Brutal Beatings and the «Roasting Alive» of a Suspect: What Secret Mau Mau Files Reveal» (13 апр. 2011); Banton, «Destroy?», «Migrate?», «Conceal?»: British strategies for the disposal of sensitive records of colonial administrations at independence».

¹² Ian Cobain and Richard Norton-Taylor, «The Secrets that Shamed the Last Days of Empire», Guardian (18 Apr 2012); Ben Macintyre, «A Mistake or Murder in Cold Blood?» The Times (28 апр. 2012); Mutua and others v Foreign and Commonwealth Office [2011] EWHC 1913 (QB).

Глава 1

Тайны Виктории

¹ Kipling, Kim. P. 194–195.

² Nielson and McKercher, Go Spy the Land; Johnson, Spying for Empire

³ Bayly, Empire and Information; Satia, Spies in Arabia; Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire. P. 328; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 10.

⁴ Ferris, «Before «Room 40»: The British Empire and Signals Intelligence 1898–1914»; Jeffries, The Colonial Office. P. 29–31.

⁵ Edney, Mapping an Empire; Anderson, Imagined Communities Ch. 10, «Census, Map, Museum»; Scott, Seeing Like a State (1998); Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 525; Thomas, Empires of Intelligence.

⁶ Callwell, Small Wars; Andrew, Secret Service. P. 30–34; Boot, The Savage Wars of Peace. P. 112.

⁷ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 21–28.

⁸ The National Archives London [TNA] CAB 16/232 The setting up of a Secret Service Bureau (28 апр. 1909); WO 106/6292 «Memorandum re. formation of a S.S. Bureau» (26 авг. 1909); Jeffery, MI6. P. 13–15, 42-5.

⁹ Raeff, «The Well Ordered Police State»; Andrew, Secret Service. P. 21–65.

¹⁰ Curry, The Security Service. P. 41; TNA WO 106/6292 «Memorandum re. formation of a S.S. Bureau» (26 Aug 1909); The 9/11 Commission: Final Report of the National Commission on the Terrorist Attacks upon the United States.

¹¹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 3–4; Jeffery, MI6. P. 12–15.

¹² Holquist, «Information is the Alpha and the Omega of our Work»; Curry, The Security Service. P. 98; TNA INF 4/9 General Staff Paper: «The Organization of the Services of Military Secrecy, Security and Publicity» (окт. 1917). P. 44; WO 32/10776 Historical Sketch of the Directorate of Military Intelligence in the Great War of 1914–1918; KV 1/73 MI9 Testing Department.

¹³ Ellis, Eye Deep in Hell; Ferguson, Empire. P. 301—3; Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory.

¹⁴ Ferguson, Empire. P. 298–303; Buchan, Greenmantle. P. 12: «Мы смеялись над Священной войной – джихадом, которую пророчил этот старик von der Goltz [военная миссия Германии в Турции]. Но мне кажется, что этот глупый старик в очках был прав. Готовится джихад».

¹⁵ «The German Emperor in the East», The Times (23 нояб. 1898); Pipes, A Concise History of the Russian Revolution. P. 115—18; Boghardt, Spies of the Kaiser. P. 12–13.

¹⁶ Popplewell, Intelligence and Imperial Defence. P. 178–179; Ferguson, Empire. P. 303.

¹⁷ Popplewell, Intelligence and Imperial Defence. P. 219–221; Barooah, Chatto: The Life and Times of an Anti-Imperialist in Europe; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 90–91.

¹⁸ TNA KV 1/19 «D-Branch Report». P. 13; Basil Thomson, Queer People. P. 103; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 92–93.

¹⁹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 93; Lowes, «British intelligence in India from the First World War to Independence».

²⁰ TNA KV 1/19 D-Branch Report. P. 13; Popplewell, Intelligence and Imperial Defence. P. 221.

²¹ Mohs, Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War. P. 2, 68–73, 120–123, 125–129.

²² Там же, p. 88–91.

²³ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 15; Andrew, Secret Service.

²⁴ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 86–90; Dudgen, Roger Casement – The Black Diaries.. P. 481–485; O’Halpin, «British Intelligence in Ireland» in Andrew and Dilks (eds), The Missing Dimension. P. 59–61.

²⁵ Curry, The Security Service. P. 38, 80; TNA KV 1/65 «Control of Aliens»; Panayi, The Enemy in Our Midst; Panayi (ed.), Minorities in Wartime; Fitzpatrick, «The Civil War as Formative Experience» in Gleason, Kenez and Stites (eds), Bolshevik Culture. P. 57–76; Mommsen, «Militar und zivile Militisierung in Deutschland, 1914 bis 1938» in Frevert, Militar und Gesellschaft im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. P. 265–276; Holquist, Making War and Forging Revolution; Nicolai, The German Secret Service. P. 265–267; KV 4/222 «Policy and procedure for imposition of Home Office Warrants» s. 22a: H.R. Scott, Home Office, to V.G.W. Kell (29 июня 1926); Ibid. s. 25a: Major Ball to H.R. Scott, Home Office (16 июля 1926).

²⁶ Curry, The Security Service. P. 80; Lenin, Essential Works of Lenin. P. 237, 239; Petrie, Communism in India 1924–1927; Andrew and Mi-trokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive vol. II везде.

²⁷ British Library [BL] London IOR L/P&J/12/34 IPI Financial Arrangements s. 2 IPI letter (13 янв. 1926); IOR L/P&J/12/38 IPI’s Office Accommodation s. 3 IPI to Sir A. Hirtzel, India Office (13 июня 1924); там же IPI’s Office Accommodation s. 28 IPI to Peel [IO] (14.12.28); «Sir Philip Vickery», Who Was Who (издание онлайн доступно с 1 июня 2011).

²⁸ TNA KV 4/222 «Policy and procedure for imposition of Home Office Warrants»; KV 4/19 «Report on the Operations of A.D.A, in connection with the Administrative Services of the Security Service during the war 1939–1945», Appendix IV «Technical Equipment»; Curry The Security Service. P. 23; cf. Wright, Spycatcher. P. 54: «На протяжении пяти лет мы прослушивали и незаконно проникали в помещения по всему миру от имени государства, в то время как напыщенные гражданские служащие в шляпах-котелках на Уайтхолле делали вид, что смотрят в другую сторону».

²⁹ Masters, The Man Who Was M; TNA KV 4/227 «History of the operations of M.S. (agents) during the war 1939–1945». P. 32; KV 2/1022 «Statement of «X» the statement of the informant in this case» (25 янв. 1938). P. 1—230 «Official Secrets Case», The Times (8 фев. 1938); Quinlan, «Human intelligence operations and MI5 tradecraft in Britain». P. 178–179.

³¹ West, MASK: MI5’s Penetration of the Communist Party of Great Britain везде.

³² IOR L/P&J/12/348 «Meerut Conspiracy Case: Scotland Yard officers proceeding to India as witnesses» s. 27a: «List of original telegrams» и везде; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 137–138.

³³ Curry, The Security Service. P. 54; «Sir Eric Holt-Wilson», Who Was Who (издание онлайн доступно с 1 июня 2011); Imperial War Museum London [IWML] Kell Mss. Holt-Wilson «Security Intelligence in War» (1934); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 138.

³⁴ Cambridge University Library [CUL] Add 9794/2/72 Eric Holt-Wilson to Audrey Holt-Wilson, Bombay (1 апр. 1938); «Sir Eric Holt-Wilson», Who Was Who (издание онлайн доступно с 1 июня 2011).

³⁵ CUL Add 9794/2/75 Eric Holt-Wilson to Audrey Holt-Wilson, Singapore (10 апр. 1938); там же Eric Holt-Wilson to Audrey Holt-Wilson, Government House, Hong Kong (28 апр. 1938).

³⁶ Gwynn, Imperial Policing; Anderson and Killingray, «An orderly retreat?» in Anderson and Killingray, Policing and Decolonisation. P. 1–21.

³⁷ Jeffery, MI6. P. 236; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 129; TNA KV 4/206 «Visit of Mr. G.C. Denham to USA to investigate need for permanent Security Service representative in western hemisphere» s. 70c: G.C. Denham to Sir David Petrie (8 июля 1943). P. 3.

³⁸ BL IOR 1/P&J/12/293 Jawaharlal Nehru s. 11 IPI report to DIB, MI5 and SIS (12 Feb 1936); BL IOR L/P&J/12/30 Rajani Palme Dutt; TNA KV 2/1807-1809 Rajani Palme Dutt; BL L/P&J/12/28 Clemens Palme Dutt; TNA KV 2/2504-2505 Clemens Palme Dutt.

³⁹ См. TNA KV 4/19 «Report on the operations of A.D.A., in connection with the Administrative Services of the Security Service during the war 1939–1945» s. 6a: «MI5 officers» (n. d.); Curry, The Security Service. P. 396–397.

⁴⁰ Curry, The Security Service. P. 396–397; IWML 80/30/1 Brigadier R.J. Maunsell Ms. «Security Intelligence in Middle East 1914–1918 and 1934–1944». P. 2–4.

⁴¹ Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. IV. P. 141.

⁴² Статьи «Sir Vernon Kell»,’Sir Eric Holt-Wilson», «Sir David Petrie», «Sir Percy Sillitoe» in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [DNB] (издание онлайн доступно с 1 июня 2011); Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. 1–47; Curry, The Security Service; Curry, The Indian Police (1932); Hoare (ed.), Camp 020. P. 8; Philby, My Silent War.

⁴³ «Valentine Vivian» and «Felix Cowgill», DNB (издание онлайн доступно с 1 июня 2011); Jeffery, MI6. P. 167, 486; Philby, My Silent War. P. 46, 48, 66.

⁴⁴ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 19; Thomson, Scene Changes; Thomson, Queer People; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 82.

⁴⁵ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 19; Cole, Suspect Identities. P. 63–73; Singha, «Settle, Mobilise, Verify»; TNA KV 4/267 «Policy on control of com-munists» протокол 176a: Sir David Petrie (31 янв. 1945).

⁴⁶ Kelly, «Papon’s transition after World War II. A prefect’s road from Bordeaux, through Algeria, and beyond, August 1944 – October 1961» in Golsan (ed.), The Papon Affair: Memory and Justice on Trial. P. 35–72; Thomas, Empires of Intelligence; Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism. P. 158–221; Holquist, «To count, extract, to exterminate» in Suny and Martin (eds), A State of Nations. P. 111–144.

⁴⁷ Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936–1945. P. 26–34; Holquist, «To count, extract, to exterminate» везде; Hull, Absolute Destruction; Moses, Empire, Colony, Genocide; Zimmerer et al., Genocide in German Southwest Africa.

⁴⁸ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 842.

Глава 2

Стратегический обман

¹ Ondaatje, The English Patient. P. 34–35.

² TNA KV 4/87 s. 2a: Sir David Petrie to Sir Anthony Eden (26 Jun 1944). P. 7; Emily Wilson, «The War in the Dark: The Security Service and the Abwehr, 1940–1944». P. 213.

³ Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. IV Security and Counter-Intelligence. P. 11–12; Curry, The Security Service. P. 22–25, 148.

⁴ TNA KV 4/170 «D.G. White’s lecture notes regarding counterespionage investigations and organisation of RSS and GC&CS», s. 1a: Mr. Dick White’s lecture for new Regional Security Liaison Officers (9 янв. 1943).

⁵ Wark, The Ultimate Enemy: British Intelligence and Nazi Germany; TNA KV 4/290 «Measures to counter activities of German Nazi & Italian Fascist groups in the UK – pre1939 with particular reference to sabotage, subversion in the forces etc», s. 2a: Sir Vernon Kell to Lord Hankey, CID (6 июля 1936), forwarding [Curry] «Memorandum on the possibilities of sabotage by the organizations set up in British countries by the totalitarian governments of Germany and Italy»; Andrew, Secret Service. P. 644; Reynolds, Britannia Overruled. P. 119–126.

⁶ TNA KV4/195 Diaries of Guy Liddell (6 сент. 1944).

⁷ Curry, The Security Service. P. 145–146, 160; Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. IV Security and Counter-Intelligence. P. 66; TNA CAB 63/193 Hankey, «The Secret Services. Inquiry by the Minister without Portfolio. Second report dealing with the Security Service (MI5) (май 1940). P. 52; CAB 81/97 JIC (40) 73 «Invasion of the United Kingdom» (17 мая 1940); там же. JIC (40) 101, «Summary of likely forms and scales of attack that Germany could bring to bear on the British Isles in the near future» (5 янв. 1940); Schellenberg, Invasion 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain. P. 122–137; «Sir Vernon George Waldegrave Kell», Who’s Who (London, 1920). P. 1412.

⁸ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 31; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 25; Trotter, The Winter War: The Russo-Finnish War of 1939–1940.

⁹ TNA KV 4/85 «The Enemy Alien population in the UK by Mr. Aiken-Sneath» (Jul 1943). P. 27–28, 36; Grant, «Desperate Measures: Britain’s internment of fascists during the Second World War»; Thurlow, «Internment in the Second World War».

¹⁰ Curry, The Security Service. P. 373; Jeffery, MI6. P. 382–389.

¹¹ Burleigh, Blood and Rage; Winter, «British Intelligence, Adolf Hitler and the German High Command, 1939–1945».

¹² Kershaw, Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation; Adam Sisman, Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography. P. 92; Curry, The Security Service. P. 48, 146–148.

¹³ Winter, «Libra Rising: Hitler, Astrology and British Intelligence, 1940–1943».

¹⁴ Andrew, «Churchill and Intelligence».

¹⁵ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 5, 25–27; Hinsley, «British Intelligence in the Second World War» in Andrew and Noakes (eds), Intelligence and International Relations. P. 210; Однако Smith в «Bletchley Park and the Holocaust» показывает, что изначальные аргументы, выдвинутые у Bre-itman, Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew, следует подвергать сомнению.

¹⁶ Hinsley, «The influence of Ultra» in Hinsley and Stripp (eds), Codebreakers; см. Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 59, краткое изложение.

¹⁷ Masterman, The Double-Cross System. P. 3.

¹⁸ Shelley, «Empire of Shadows». P. 131–132.

¹⁹ Maskelyne, Magic – Top Secret. P. 31–36; Howard, British Intelligence i the Second World War vol. V Strategic Deception. P. 38.

²⁰ Howard, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. V. P. XII, 23–25; Foot, Memories of an SOE Historian. P. 172.

²¹ Holt, The Deceivers. P. 218, 270; Howard, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. V. P. 37, 62–63; TNA KV 4/197 «Organization and functions of SIME special section, 1942-45», s. 3a: Douglas Roberts, «Report on Cheese» (19 фев. 1943).

²² Montagu, The Man Who Never Was; Macintyre, Operation Mincemeat.

²³ TNA KV 4/87 s. 2a: Sir David Petrie to Sir Anthony Eden (26 июня 1944); Hesketh, Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign; Pujol with West, Garbo; Harris, Garbo: The Spy Who Saved D-Day.

²⁴ Jeffery, MI6. P. 406–407.

²⁵ Masterman, Double-Cross System. P. 8–9 наводит на мысль, что стратегический обман не был приоритетом для МИ-5 в начале войны.

²⁶ Wilson, «War in the Dark». P. 126; IWML David Mure papers 67/312/1 T.A. Robertson to David Mure (28 фев. 1979).

²⁷ «Obituary: Sir John Masterman», The Times (7 Jun 1977); Andrew, Secret Service. P. 471.

²⁸ Curry, The Security Service. P. 254; Harris, GARBO: The Spy Who Saved D-Day.

²⁹ Bristow, A Game of Moles. P. 28.

³⁰ TNA KV 4/18 «Report on the operation of overseas control in connection with the establishment of DSO’s in the British colonies & liaison with the security authorities in the Dominions during the war of 19391945». P. 2–3; TNA KV 4/169 «Functions of overseas control»; KV 4/234 «Intelligence organisation in the Middle East (SIME)», s. 1a: T.A. Robertson’s visit to Egypt (20 Mar 1942-17 Apr 1942); KV 4/240 «Report by D.G. White on visit to the Middle East in 1943»; Curry, The Security Service.

³¹ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 153; E.D.R. Harrison, «British Radio Security and Intelligence», English Historical Review (2009).

³² O’Halpin (ed.), MI5 and Ireland. P. 46–47; Hull, «The Irish interlude: German intelligence in Ireland». P. 702–703; Buchheit, Der Deutsche Geheimdienst. P. 241–242; Curry, The Security Service. P. 125.

³³ Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler. P. 23; R.A. Ratcliff, Delusions of Intelligence.

³⁴ Автор хотел бы поблагодарить доктора Пола Уинтера за обсуждение с ним его исследований на эту тему.

³⁵ TNA KV 2/86 Dr Norbert von Rantzau [Nikolaus Ritter], s. 144a: Major Gwyer, F.2.c (15 мая 1946).

³⁶ TNA KV 2/1163 Ernst Paul Fackenheim; Bar-Zohar, Hitler’s Jewish Spy. P. 212–213; KV 2/400 Kurt Wieland s. 17a: SIME Report (30 окт. 1944); Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 96–98.

³⁷ TNA KV 2/1463 Mohsen Fadl s. 22a: RJ Maunsell, SIME, to DG White, MI5 London, «PYRAMID organization» (20 июня 1943); KV 2/1468 Hans Eppler s. 22a: EB Stamp, B1B (5 янв. 1943); KV 3/74 German espionage in North Africa s. 3a: Enemy W/T communications in the Sahara and Libyan desert (19 дек. 1941); Matthias Schulz, «The Gay «English Patient»«, Der Spiegel (онлайн-издание 4 фев. 2010, доступно с 22 окт. 2012).

³⁸ BL IOR L/P&J/12/218 Bose conspiracy case s. 33 IPI to Mr Silver, India Offi ce, copied to SIS (24 мар. 1942) там же s. 63 IPI to Mr Silver, India Office (26 янв. 1943), forwarding arrest notes «Bhagat Ram’s story»; Ram, The Talwars of Pathan Land and Subhas Chandra’s Great Escape.

³⁹ TNA KV 4/332 Liaison with D.I.B. India in handling special agents s. 102a: JH Marriott, B1a (1 сент. 1943); Hauner, India in Axis Strategy. P. 338.

⁴⁰ Howard, British Intelligence in the Second World War vol. V Strategic Deception. P. 208; TNA KV4/191 Diaries of Guy Liddell (15 июня 1943); там же KV4/192 (19 авг. 1943.

⁴¹ TNA KV 4/332 Liaison with DIB India in handling special agents s. 26c Marriott New Delhi to DG MI5 (28 мар. 1943). P. 2.

⁴² Magan, Middle Eastern Approaches. P. 16–19; Bose, The Indian Struggle. P. 434–437.

⁴³ Foot, Special Operations Executive; TNA HS1; TNA HS3.

⁴⁴ Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan. P. 65–66.

⁴⁵ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars: The End of Britain’s Asian Empire. P. 30—1; Cross, Red Jungle. P. 19–37; Chapman, The Jungle is Neutral. P. 34.

⁴⁶ Cruickshank, SOE in the Far East. P. 27.

⁴⁷ Chapman, The Jungle is Neutral Ch. 4; Shelley, Empire of Shadows. P. 120, 122.

⁴⁸ Cruickshank, SOE in the Far East. P. 14, 27, 196–209; Hudson, Undercover Operator. P. 131.

⁴⁹ Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan. P. 66.

⁵⁰ Foot, SOE in the Low Countries.

⁵¹ Foot, «Was SOE Any Good?» in Laqueur (ed.), The Second World War. P. 241, 248.

⁵² TNA KV 4/132 Powers of detention, interrogation and deportation to UK of enemy aliens and alien suspects apprehended in the Dominions and colonies (including non-enemy aliens removed from ships) протокол 11 D.G. White to SLA [legal adviser] (9 июня 1942).

⁵³ TNA KV 2/2116—2118 Roger Lannoy. Я благодарен Саре Миллер (Кембриджский университет и Гарвардская школа права) за привлечение моего внимания к этому делу. Liversidge v Anderson [1942] AC 206; личная информация.

⁵⁴ TNA KV 4/132 Minute 13: SLA (11 июня 1942).

⁵⁵ Hart, The Concept of Law.

⁵⁶ Hoare (ed.), Camp 020. P. 270; KV 2/1722 Osmar Hellmuth протокол 18 H.L.A. Hart, B.1.b (20 окт. 1943); Schellenberg, The Memoirs of Hitler’s Spy Chief.

⁵⁷ TNA KV2/2946 De Freitas; Camp 020. P. 206, 213—14; Philby, My Silent War. P. 50–51.

⁵⁸ KV 2/1107 Alfredo Manna s. 19a: Alfredo Manna SIS to Courtenay Young, MI5 (17 июня 1943); Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove. P. 170–171. И снова я хотел бы поблагодарить Сару Миллер за то, что поделилась со мной подробной информацией о своем расследовании дела Манна.

⁵⁹ Moen, John Moe: Double Agent; Camp 020. P. 57—8; TNA FO 1005/1744 «Detailed interrogation centre 10, Bad Nenndorf. Court of inquiry reports», statement Lt. Col. R.G.W. Stephens (7 Apr 1947). P. 3–4.

⁶⁰ Camp 020. P. 270.

⁶¹ Curry, The Security Service. P. 229.

⁶² TNA KV 4/190 Diaries of Guy Liddell (27 окт. 1942).

⁶³ TNA KV 4/191 Diaries of Guy Liddell (16 Mar 1943); Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive.

⁶⁴ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 30–31; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 38; TNA HW 171—3 «Decrypts of communist international (COMINTERN) messages, 1934–1945»; HW 17/53—66 «Iscott».

⁶⁵ TNA KV 4/54 «Report on the operations of F-Division in connection with subversive activities during the War 1939–1945». P. 3; Curry, The Security Service. P. 350.

⁶⁶ TNA KV 4/21 «Report on the operations of the Registry during the war 1939–1945», s. 1a: Roger Hollis (12 Dec 1945); Robert Cecil, «The Cambridge Comintern» in Andrew and Dilks (eds), The Missing Dimension. P. 179; TNA KV4/473 Diaries of Guy Liddell.

⁶⁷ Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan. P. 586.

⁶⁸ TNA KV 4/224 «KISS» s. 10a: Alan Roger, MI5 DSO Tehran, «Cooperation with Russian security» (28 дек. 1944); Ibid. s. 14a: «Information about Russian intelligence gained from cooperation between DSO and Russian security authorities» (7 мар.1945); KV 4/225, s. 18a: Alex Kellar to Roger Hollis (7 апр. 1945).

⁶⁹ TNA KV 4/223, s. 68a: H.K. Dawson-Shepherd, CICI Baghdad (14 июля 1945).

⁷⁰ TNA KV 4/267 протокол 189a: Sir David Petrie (29 авг. 1945); там же протокол 52a: Roger Hollis (5 Sept 1945); Andrew and Walton, «The Gouzenko Case and British Secret Intelligence» in Black and Rud-ner (eds), The Gouzenko Affair.

Глава 3

«Явно виден сигнал опасности»

¹ Conrad, The Secret Agent. P. 46.

² IWM Montgomery papers 211/18 Cunningham to Colonial Office (13 нояб. 1946).

³ TNA CAB 81/121 JIC (44) 464 (0) Final, «Soviet strategic interests and intentions after the war» (18 дек. 1944); CAB 81/132 JIC 81/123 JIC (46) 1 (0) (Final), «Russia’s strategic interests and intentions» (1 мар.1946); CAB 81/133 JIC (46) 70 (0) Final, «The spread of communism throughout the world and the extent of its direction from Moscow» (23 сент. 1946); Hennessy, The Secret State. P. 2–3.

⁴ Gaddis, We Now Know; Barrass, Great Cold War.

⁵ Hennessy, Having it so Good. P. 313; Hennessy, The Secret State. P. 2–3.

⁶ KV 4/158 «Brief notes on the Security Service and its work prepared for Permanent Under Secretaries, service intelligence departments etc.», протокол 14a: John Curry (1 окт. 1946.

⁷ TNA KV 3/414 «Use of poisons by German Sabotage Service» s. 1a «Note by Lord Rothschild» (20 фев. 1945); там же s. 3a Supreme Allied Headquarters report «German terrorist methods» (2 апр. 1945); там же s. 16b «Belt buckle pistols» (XX US Corps, n.d..

⁸ TNA KV 2/271 «Ernst Kaltenbrunner», s. 65a: U.S. 12 Army Group to War Room, London, through OSS (13 июня 1945) s. 74a: Robert Stephens to Helenus Milmo (18 июня 1945); нет никакого упоминания, например, о допросе Кальтенбруннера в лагере 020 у Overy, Interrogations: The Nazi Elite in Allied Hands, 1945; Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler.

⁹ Bennett, The Zinoviev Affair.

¹⁰ Simpson, In the Highest Degree Odious: British Internment in the Second World War: Grant, «Desperate Measures».

¹¹ TNA KV 4/158, s. 13a: «A short note on the Security Service and its responsibilities» (окт. 1946). P. 3.

¹² TNA KV 5/30 «Stern Group», s. 111z: Alex Kellar to Trafford Smith, Colonial Office (16 авг. 1946); Ibid. James Robertson to Leonard Burt, Special Branch (26 авг. 1946); CO 733/457/13 «Terrorist outrages. Extension to the United Kingdom», s. 4: Sir David Petrie to Sir Alexander Maxwell, Home Office (2 апр. 1945); KV 5/4 «United Zionist «Revisionist» youth organization» Minute 24a: Sir David Petrie (30 мар. 1946).

¹³ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 258.

¹⁴ Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 101–104.

¹⁵ TNA KV 2/2252 «Menachem Begin», Minute 131: John Shaw (5 авг. 1953); TNA KV4/467 Diaries of Guy Liddell (2 авг. 1946); Clarke, By Blood and Fire. P. 252; Letters to the Editor, The Times (24 июля 2006); Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 475.

¹⁶ TNA FO 371/67796 «Italy»: E. Irdell, Посольство Великобритании в Риме (23 янв. 1947); CO 537/1723 «Terrorist outrages: extension to UK»; EF 5/12 «Outrages 1947–1948: letter bombs», H.E. Watts, Chief Inspector of Explosives (24 июня 1947); Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat. P. 85; «Terrorist Bomb in Whitehall», The Times (17 апр. 1946); «Letter Bombs from Turin», The Times (7 июня 1947); Burt, Commander Burt of Scotland Yard. P. 126–127; «Avner», Memoirs of an Assassin. P. 18–20.

¹⁷ Walton, «British Intelligence and the Mandate of Palestine».

¹⁸ Clarke, The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire. P. 84.

¹⁹ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 125, 130; Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 91–95, 100.

² Cohen, «Appeasement in the Middle East: the British White Paper on Palestine».

²¹ Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 100; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 354; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 57, 129; Shepherd, Ploughing Sand; Ritchie Ovendale, Britain, the United States and the end of the Palestine Mandate.

²² Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 123—30; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 352, 448; Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 476.

²³ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 476.

²⁴ Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 99; Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 475; Sprinzak, Brother Against Brother; Pedahzur, The Israeli Response to Jewish Extremism and Violence: Defending Democracy; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 57–58; Cohen, Woman of Violence: Memoirs of a Young Terrorist; Hoffman, Inside Terrorism. P. 29; «British Anger at Terror Celebration», The Times (20 июля 2006); Begin, The Revolt. P. 59–60; Shamir, Summing Up: An Autobiography. P. 32–50.

²⁵ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 352, 448; Freeman and Penrose, Rinkagate: The Rise and Fall of Jeremy Thorpe. P. 72–74.

²⁶ Rathbone, «Political intelligence and policing in Ghana» in Anderson and Killingray (eds), Policing and Decolonisation. P. 86; статья «A.J. Kellar» в Who’s Who.

²⁷ TNA KV 3/41, s. 7a: «Director-General’s lecture» (16 мар. 1948). P. 1.

²⁸ Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. XVI.

²⁹ Koestler, Thieves in the Night: Chronicle of an Experiment; TNA KV 2/1273 «Arthur Koestler»; TNA KV 2/132 «Joel Brandt».

³⁰ TNA KV 3/41, s. 2a: Записки Алекса Келлара для сэра Перси Силлитоу, «Present trends in Zionism» (2 сент. 1946). P. 7.

³¹ TNA KV 5/38, s. 171z: Richard Thistlethwaite, DSO Palestine, to MI5 London (6 дек. 1946).

³² TNA KV 5/29, «Stern Group», s. 75a: Alex Kellar to Trafford Smith, Colonial Office (19 фев. 1946); Cohen, Woman of Violence. P. 1.

³³ TNA KV 2/2251 Menachem Begin s. 40a: cutting from News Chronicle (18 мар. 1947); TNA KV 2/2251 s. 38a: SIS [имя не названо] to H.J. Seager, MI5 (13 фев. 1947); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 355.

³⁴ TNA CO 733/457/13, s. 7: «Policy regarding suspected Jewish terrorists in H.M. Forces», MI5 [без имени] отчет, посланный J.M. Martin, министерство по делам колоний (21 авг. 1945); CAB 81/93 JIC sub-committee «Probable reaction of Jewish personnel in His Majesty’s Forces and Polish units to Jewish disturbances in Palestine», 13th meeting (20 фев. 1945).

³⁵ TNA KV 2/196 Diaries of Guy Liddell (15 May 1945); CO 733/457/1, s. 7: «Policy regarding suspected Jewish terrorists in H.M. Forces», копия доклада MI5 [без подписи], направленная to J.M. Martin, министерство по делам колоний (21 авг. 1945); RHLO J.J. O’Sullivan papers Diary entry (17 сент. 1947); KV 3/41, s. 7a: «Director-General’s lecture» (16 мар. 1948). P. 13–14; KV 3/41, s. 1a: «Notes for the Director-General’s meeting with the Prime Minister» (28 авг. 1946). P. 1.

³⁶ TNA KV 2/1435 «Jewish Agency for Palestine»; KV 5/10 «Jewish-Arab league»; KV 5/11’The Jewish Legion»; KV 5/4 «United Zionist «Revisionist» youth movement»; KV 5/16 «Hisraduth (Zionist federation of Jewish labour)». Другие включают: KV 5/14 «Middle East society»; TNA KV 5/4 Протокол 88a: Bernard A. Hill (19 нояб. 1946); там же протокол 90a: Herbert Loftus-Brown (12 дек. 1946).

³⁷ TNA KV 5/4 s. 115a: Sir Percy Sillitoe to E.W. Jones, Special Branch (24 апр. 1946); KV 5/4 протокол 20a: James Robertson (29 мар. 1946).

³⁸ Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 95; TNA FO 371/24085 «Situation of Jewish refugees in Danzig (январь 1939)», s. 87: Генеральное консульство Великобритании министерству иностранных дел в Лондоне (13 фев. 1939); FO 371/23251 «Palestine», «Palestine Labour Party’s political summary» (7 сент. 1939); Heller, The Stern Gang. P. 85–89.

³⁹ Cohen, Woman of Violence. P. 4–5.

⁴⁰ TNA KV 3/41, s. 7a: «Director-General’s lecture» (16 мар. 1948). P. 13–19.

⁴¹ TNA KV3/41, s. 2a: Alex Kellar notes for Sir Percy Sillitoe, «Present trends in Zionism» (2 сент. 1946). P. 4.

⁴² Burt, Commander Burt of Scotland Yard. P. 129; «7 years» Sentence in Explosives Case», The Times (15 окт. 1948); неофициальная информация.

⁴³ TNA KV 4/190 Diaries of Guy Liddell (23 сент. 1942); TNA KV 5/38 «Irgun Zvi Leumi», s. 187b: «IZL activities in Palestine» (31 июля 1947); KV 3/41, s. 2a: CREAM CX [номер не назван] SIS [имя не названо] to Dick White, MI5 (31 мар. 1947); Cohen, Woman of Violence. P. 121.

⁴⁴ TNA KV 2/1435, «Jewish Agency for Palestine» протокол 86a: Alex Kellar (30 апр. 1945).

⁴⁵ TNA KV 5/31 s. 157a: David Scherr, «Information from Reuven Zaslani» (19 фев. 1948); Eshed, Reuven Shiloah: The Man Behind the Mossad; Chavkin, «British intelligence and the Zionist, South African, and Australian intelligence communities during and after the Second World War».

⁴⁶ TNA KV2/2261—2264 Theodor Kollek; KV 5/34 «Extract from report on interview with Teddy Kollek, forwarded by DSO Palestine» (18 авг. 1945). Автор благодарен доктору Джонатану Чавкину – участнику семинара по вопросам разведки Кембриджского университета за эту ссылку.

⁴⁷ TNA KV 4/216 «Policy and procedure for contacting Jewish Agency intelligence representatives in London, 1946–1947» протокол 8a: T.A. Robertson (19 сент. 1946); там же s. 14b: C.A.G. Simkins (3 фев. 1947); протокол 31a: James Robertson (14 мар. 1947); Kollek, For Jerusalem. P. 57–66.

⁴⁸ Yaacov Eliav, Wanted. P. 246.

⁴⁹ Там же. P. 244; Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat. P. 85.

⁵⁰ Eliav, Wanted. P. 245; Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat. P. 86–87.

⁵¹ Eliav, Wanted. P. 249; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 357.

⁵² Yaakov Heruti, One Truth not Two. P. 132–136, 140. Я хотел бы поблагодарить Израэля Медеда за любезное предоставление отрывков из книги Герути и Тамар Друккер из SOAS за их перевод.

⁵³ Беседа автора с бывшим членом банды «Штерна» (13 апр. 2008).

⁵⁴ Heruti, One Truth not Two. P. 141—2; «Avner», Memoirs of an Assassin. P. 130–131.

⁵⁵ RHLO J.J. O’Sullivan papers, diary entry (4 окт. 1947); Briscoe, For the Life of Me. P. 262, 264, 295.

⁵⁶ Herzog, Living History: A Memoir. P. 46–53, 75; TNA KV 3/41, s. 7a: «Director-General’s lecture» (16 мар. 1948). P. 14.

⁵⁷ Rose, A Senseless Squalid War. P. 123–124.

⁵⁸ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 97.

⁵⁹ TNA KV 2/1390 «Moshe Sneh», s. 191a: досье M^ на Sneh для ЦРУ (25 авг. 1948); KV 5/31, s. 149a: T.A. Robertson to Winston M. Scott, Посольство США, Лондон (1 окт. 1947); Heller, The Stern Gang. P. 145–147, 170–173.

⁶⁰ TNA KV 4/36, s. 108b: H.A.R. Philby to T.E. Bromley, министерство иностранных дел, J.D.S. Bates, министерство по делам колоний, копия Алексу Келлару, MI5 (9 июля 1945); Ro’i, «Soviet policy towards Jewish emigration: an overview» in Lewin-Epstein, Ro’i and Rit-terband (eds), Russian Jews on Three Continents: Migration and Resettlement. P. 51–56.

⁶¹ «Refugee Ship Boarded», The Times (19 июля 1947); Marrus, The Unwanted. European Refugees in the Twentieth Century. P. 338–339; Bren-don, Decline and Fall. P. 476.

⁶² TNA KV 3/56 s. 69b: «Report on tour of MI5 liaison officer in France, Germany, Austria and Italy»; Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 101.

⁶³ TNA CO 537/1825 Min. Trafford Smith (10 дек. 1946).

⁶⁴ TNA CAB 158/1 JIC (47) 31 (0) Final, «Organization of illegal immigration» (24 июля 1947); CAB 104/279 «Illegal immigration: action to stop traffic at source»; CAB 158/1 JIC (47) 28 (0) (Final), «Illegal immigration to Palestine – complicity of certain organizations» (11 июня 1947); CO 733/490/3 «Detention of illegal immigrants in Cyprus»; CAB 104/270 «Palestine: strategic aspects»: COS (46) 221 (0), «Accommodation for illegal Jewish immigrants» (25 авг. 1946).

⁶⁵ Jeffery, MI6. P. 691–692.

⁶⁶ Там же. P. 693–695.

⁶⁷ TNA CAB 81/133 JIC (46) 45 (0) (Final), «The Anglo-American committee of enquiry into Palestine and the condition of Jews in Europe» (1 мая 1946); CAB 158/2 JIC (47) 52 (0) (Final), «Possible future of Palestine» (9 сент. 1947); Ibid. JIC (47) 61 (0) (Terms of reference), «Repercussions and implementation of the proposal for the partition of Palestine» (1 нояб. 1947); Ibid. JIC (47) 60 (0) (Final), «Threat of Arab Intervention in Palestine» (18 окт. 1947); Crossman, Palestine Mission. P. 131.

⁶⁸ Hoffman, The Failure of British Military Strategy in Palestine. P. 34.

⁶⁹ Begin, The Revolt. P. 99—100; «Avner», Memoirs of an Assassin. P. 16; Charters, «British Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign». P. 134; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 258.

⁷⁰ Dorril, MI6. P. 546; Deacon, «C»: A Biography of Sir Maurice Oldfield.

⁷¹ Farran, Winged Dagger. P. 321; Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat.

⁷² Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat. P. 208–218.

⁷³ «British Sergeants Found Murdered», The Times (1 авг. 1947); Car-ruthers, Winning Hearts and Minds. P. 53; Burleigh, Blood and Rage. P. 105; Aldrich, Hidden Hand. P. 261.

⁷⁴ Peter Hennessy, Never Again. P. 242; Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Labour Government and the End of Empire doc [21] CAB 129/16 CP (47) 49 Cabinet memorandum by Bevin and Creech Jones (6 фев. 1947).

⁷⁵ Begin, The Revolt. P. 133; Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited; Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 480.

⁷⁶ TNA KV 5/32, s. 203a: G.A. Carey-Foster to H. Ashley, Посольство Великобритании, Париж (15 окт. 1948); Luke Harding, «Men-achem Begin «Plotted to Kill German Chancellor»«, Guardian (15 июня 2006); Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 58.

Глава 4

Ответный удар империи

¹ Quoted in TNA CAB 21/2925 General Sir Gerald Templer, «Report on colonial security» (апрель 1955).

² Mansergh (ed.), Transfer of Power in India vol. VIII no 26, Chiefs of Staff (India) Committee (июль 1946). P. 56–57; vol. VII. P. 930—3; BDEEP part 3. P. 207–208 (no 273) CAB 129/1 CP (45) 144 меморандум Эттли (1 сент. 1945).

³ TNA KV 2/804 «Walter J. Krivitsky» s. 29a: Jane Archer, «Report» (3 фев. 1940).

⁴ «Leakages in Canada», The Times (5 Feb 1946); «Soviet Spy Ring in Canada», The Times (16 мар. 1946); Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger.

⁵ TNA KV 2/2213 s. 289a: «Statement of Alan Nunn May» (20 фев. 1946); TNA KV 2/2215 s. 456a: H.A.R. Philby to R.H. Hollis (10 дек. 1946); «Atomic Secrets Charge», The Times (20 мар. 1946).

⁶ Andrew, «The Venona Secret» in Robertson (ed.), War, Resistance and Intelligence: Essays in Honour of M.R.D. Foot. P. 203—25; Haynes and Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America; West, Venona.

⁷ West, Venona.

⁸ TNA KV 2/1245, s. 1b: C-Division note, «Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs» (2 июня 1942); TNA KV 2/1245 протокол 55: Roger Hollis (4 дек. 1946); KV 2/1245 протокол 57: Diaries of Guy Liddell (20 дек. 1947); Moss, Klaus Fuchs: The Man Who Stole the Atom Bomb; Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb. P. 222–223.

⁹ TNA KV 2/2080 «Herbert Skinner and Erna Skinner»; KV 2/1246, s. 177b: David Storrier (27 сент. 1949).

¹⁰ TNA KV 2/1263 «Klaus Fuchs», том обвинения; KV 2/1264 «Klaus Fuchs», том обвинения и документы о лишении гражданства; KV 2/1246, s. 177b: David Storrier (27 сент. 1949).

¹¹ British Library ADD Ms. 88902/1 Anthony Blunt Manuscript. P. 26; TNA KV 2/186 Diaries of Guy Liddell (7 июня 1940); Curry, The Security Service. P. 259–260.

¹² Philby, My Silent War. P. 199; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations; Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mi-trokhin Archive vol. I The KGB in the West. P. 127, 156; Wright, Spy-catcher; Pincher, Their Trade is Treachery.

¹³ Roosevelt Archive, Hyde Park, NY, Ernest Cuneo papers Box 107 «CIA» file; TNA KV 4/242 «Security Service action in the case of Pon-tecorvo», s. 52b: Michael Serpell, «Note on meeting with Prime Minister» (2 нояб. 1950); Reynolds, From World War to Cold War. P. 320–321.

¹⁴ TNA AB 16/202 «Comparison of UK and US Atomic Energy Acts, 1946»; FO 371/93198—93204 «Proposed cooperation between US and UK on development of atomic energy»; Reynolds, In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Winning the Second World War. P. 160–163.

¹⁵ TNA CAB 130/20 GEN 183/1 «Cabinet committee on subversive activities», «The employment of civil servants etc., exposed to communist infuence» (29 мая 1947); Hennessy, The Secret State. P. 87; Hennessy and Brownfeld, «Britain’s Cold War Security Purge». P. 965–973.

¹⁶ Clarke, The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire. P. XIV–XV.

¹⁷ Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. 191.

¹⁸ Там же. P. 160–161, 191–193; «New Director at the War Office», The Times (18 Jan 1946); TNA CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 462.

¹⁹ TNA KV 4/162 «Organization and function of B-Division from 1941–1953», s. 76a: «Meeting in DG’s office» (1 нояб. 1948); Sir John Shaw RHLO Mss. Brit. Emp. s. 456; «Obituary: Sir John Shaw», The Times (22 янв. 1983).

²⁰ TNA CAB 158/3 JIC (48) 35 (0) (Final) «Scale and nature of initial attack on the British Isles – 1957» (27 авг. 1948). P. 4; Goodman, «British Intelligence and the Soviet Atomic Bomb».

²¹ TNA CAB 81/133 JIC (46) 70 (0) (Final), «The spread of communism throughout the world and the extent of its direction from Mos-cow» (23 сент. 1946); CAB 158/1 JIC (47).

¹² (0) (Final Revised), «Role of colonies in war» (8 Apr 1947); CAB 158/2 JIC (47) 65 (0) (Final), «Summary of principal factors affecting Commonwealth security» (29 окт. 1947).

²² За следующие абзацы мы в большом долгу перед Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 104–116.

²³ Hodson, The Great Divide. P. 125; первый крупный труд, в котором признано, что роль британской разведки в конце британского господства над Индией не раскрыта, Liberty or Death.

²⁴ BL IOR L/P&J/12/662 Reorganisation of IPI and the future of the DIB s. 5 IPI letter to Silver [IO] (19 дек. 1944).

²⁵ Там же, s. 66 Top Secret and Personal IPI (12 апр. 1945).

²⁶ Там же, s. 114 IPI note (без даты.

²⁷ Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan. P. 386; Hinsley and Alan Stripp (eds), Codebreakers.

²⁸ BL IOR L/P&J/12/662 Reorganisation of IPI and the future of the DIB s. 162, телеграмма DIB министру по делам Индии (5 апр. 1947); Nehru, The Discovery of India. P. 378—9; TNA KV/468 Diaries of Guy Liddell.

²⁹ BL IOR L/P&J/12/662 Reorganisation of IPI and the future of the DIB.

³⁰ Там же, s. 127. Совершенно секретная служебная записка IPI (21 нояб. 1946).

³¹ Там же, s. 140. Служебная записка IPI (без даты); Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 456; Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive vol. II

³² BL IOR L/P&J/12/662 Реорганизация IPI s. 147. Служебная записка IPI (27 фев. 1947); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 442.

³³ TNA DO 142/363 Political intelligence India: disclosure of information Minute Mr Rumbold (19 янв. 1949); PREM 11/349 Предложение к конференции по вопросам безопасности стран Содружества (1953) Whittick, HO, to Montague Brown, канцелярия премьер-министра (27 апр. 1953); описание офицера связи по вопросам безопасности МИ-5 в Нью-Дели в CO 1035/10 «Intelligence and Security Aspects of constitutional developments in the West Indies Colonies» s. 10a: Eric Bat-tersby, офицер связи по вопросам безопасности на Ямайке губернатору сэру Hugh Foot (9 июня 1956); Mullik, My Years with Nehru. P. 88, 208; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 445.

³⁴ KV 4/278 «Arrangements for absorption within the Security Service of IPI records of Indians and Pakistanis» s. 1a: Sir Philip Vickery, отрывок из OS4 (16 авг. 1950); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 443 and Jeffery, MI6. P. 638–639 наводит на мысль о том, что «Директива Эттли» датируется 1948, а не 1946 г., как иногда полагают.

³⁵ TNA KV 2/2509 Krishna Menon; KV 2/2511 Krishna Menon; KV 2/2512 Krishna Menon s. 199a: Percy Sillitoe «Примечание» (17 апр. 1951).

³⁶ TNA KV 2/2512 Krishna Menon Протокол 147 Guy Liddell (31 мая 1949).

³⁷ TNA KV 2/2512 Krishna Menon s. 146a. Заявление, сделанное генеральным директором МИ-5 на заседании (1 авг. 1947); там же, s. 197a MI5 note «V.K. Krishna Menon».

³⁸ TNA KV 2/2512 Krishna Menon Minute 203 C.W.E. U’ren (24 апр. 1951).

³⁹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 443; Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, vol. II. P. 315.

⁴⁰ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 444; Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive, vol. II. P. 312–330.

⁴¹ TNA CO 1035/171 Офицеры связи по вопросам безопасности – политика s.E/4 Сэр Roger Hollis, DG MI5, сэру Burke Trend, канцелярия кабинета министров (13 нояб. 1965); Rimington, Open Secret. P. 68–70; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 446.

⁴² TNA PREM 8/1343 Письма премьер-министра Великобритании премьер-министрам Канады, Новой Зеландии, Австралии и Южной Африки на тему безопасности на осенней встрече (май 1951);

Liaquat Khan, Karachi, to CVR Attlee, London (27 Mar 1951); там же Eleanor J Emery to DSW Hunt, CRO (9 апр. 1951).

⁴³ Described in TNA CO 1035/6 Problems of intelligence organization in the Federation of Malaya in connection with constitutional development s. 32a: «Report on the intelligence and security organization required by the Federation of Malaya» (31 окт. 1956). P. 9.

⁴⁴ TNA CO 1035/31 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies. Tanganyika CO Circular no 458/56 «Organization of Intelligence» (28 апр. 1956); Percy Cradock, Know Your Enemy; Sinclair, End of the Line. P. 196.

⁴⁵ TNA CAB 129/76/CP (55) 89 Templer Report (23 апр. 1955).

⁴⁶ TNA CAB 158/20 JIC (55) 28 «Colonial intelligence and security» (23 мар. 1955).

⁴⁷ TNA CAB 158/3 JIC (48) 17 (0) «Disclosure of information to India and Pakistan» (16 фев. 1948); «Disclosure of Anglo-American classified information to third parties» (5 окт. 1949).

⁴⁸ TNA CAB 158/3 JIC (48) 17 (0) «Disclosure of information to India and Pakistan» (16 фев. 1948); JIC (48) 22 (0) Final, «Disclosure of information to India, Pakistan and Ceylon» (13 апр. 1948); CAB 158/8 JIC (49) 91 (Final), «Supply of classified information to the new Commonwealth countries» (12 окт. 1949).

⁴⁹ TNA CAB 158/8 JIC (49) 89, «Disclosure of Anglo-American classified information to third parties» (5 окт. 1949); там же, JIC (49) 90 «Disclosure of classified US military information to Western Union» (29 сент. 1949).

⁵⁰ TNA KV 4/18 «Report on the operation of overseas control in connection with the establishment of DSO’s in the British colonies & liaison with the security authorities in the Dominions during the war of 1939–1945». P. 2–3; https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/mi5-history/the-cold-war/ the-british-empire-and-commonwealth.html

⁵¹ Murphy, «Creating a Commonwealth Intelligence Culture».

⁵² TNA CO1035/2 Vulnerability of Buildings to eavesdropping devices; PREM 11/760 «Russian Eavesdropping»; CO 537/4287 «Functions of Security Liaison Officers in the Colonies».

⁵³ TNA CO 1035/31 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies: Tanganyika CO Circular no 458/56 «Organization of Intelligence» (28 апр. 1956).

⁵⁴ TNA CO 885/119 Record of the conference of colonial Commissioners of Police at the Police College, Ryton-on-Dunsmore (апрель 1951). P. 2; CO 1035/55 Course for senior police officers on intelligence and security subjects; private information. Отчет Темплера см. Cormac, «Organizing intelligence».

⁵⁵ TNA PREM 11/349 «Commonwealth security conference (июнь 1953)».

⁵⁶ Murphy, «Creating a Commonwealth Intelligence Culture». P. 142; Rimington, Open Secret. P. 261.

⁵⁷ Изложено в общих чертах в CO 1035/6 Problems of intelligence organization in the Federation of Malaya in connection with constitutional development s. 32a: «Report on the intelligence and security organization required by the Federation of Malaya» (31 окт. 1956).

⁵⁸ Richelson and Ball, The Ties that Bind. P. 83.

⁵⁹ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 94.

⁶⁰ Andrew, «The Growth of the Australian Intelligence Community and the Anglo-American Connection»; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 371.

⁶¹ TNA CAB 158/6 JIC (49) 17 «Joint intelligence bureau, Melbourne: priorities for Australian intelligence survey» (25 фев. 1949).

⁶² TNA KV2/3439 Vladimir Petrov; неофициальная информация.

⁶³ TNA KV2/3440 Vladimir Petrov s. 79a: R.T. Reed MI5 (8 апр.

1954); «Soviet Espionage in Australia», The Times (14 апр. 1954); «Struggle for Mrs Petrova», The Times (20 апр. 1954); «Mrs Petrova Flying Back to Join Her Husband», The Times (21 апр. 1954).

⁶⁴ TNA KV2/3440 Vladimir Petrov s. 79a: RT Reed MI5 (8 апр. 1954).

⁶⁵ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 93–94; Hennessy, The Secret State.

⁶⁶ TNA FCO 19/23 Diplomatic Service Administration: supply of cryptographic material to Commonwealth countries s. 1 M.B. Eaden, департамент связи (5 янв. 1968).

⁶⁷ BL IOR L/WS/1/1200 s. 11 «Note by Sir W. Jenkins on «Charter» of his appointment». Я благодарен Ричарду Олдичу за то, что обратил мое внимание на эту папку.

⁶⁸ TNA HW80/2 «Draft British – US Communication Intelligence Agreement» (1 нояб. 1945).

⁶⁹ Там же.

⁷⁰ Louis and Robinson, «The Imperialism of Decolonization».

⁷¹ Drayton, «Anglo-American «Liberal» Imperialism» in Louis (ed.), Yet More Adventures with Britannia; National Archives, Washington DC, CREST files «CIA Current Intelligence Digest» (13 мая 1952).

⁷² Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. P. 427–430; Drayton, «Anglo-American «Liberal» Imperialism»; Gallagher, «Intelligence and decolonization in British Guiana»; RHLO Mss. Brit. Emp. s. 429, W.H. Ingrams papers 5.5, Prevention of communism in West Indies (13 июля 1953); PREM 11/827 Suspension of Constitution in British Guiana and declaration of a state of emergency.

⁷³ TNA CO 1035/41 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – British Guiana s. 4: N.D. Watson to Sir Patrick Renison, British Guiana (без даты); CO 1035/173 «Visits by SLO Trinidad to British Guiana» s. 1a: JL Jones, MI5, to JR Downie, CO (2 сент. 1963); Drayton, «Anglo-American «Liberal» Imperialism».

⁷⁴ TNA PREM 11/3666 Home to Rusk (26 Feb 1962); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 477–478; Drayton, «Anglo-American «Liberal» Imperialism». P. 334–335; Foreign Relations of the United States vol. XII Doc 267. Памятная записка от специального посланника президента (Шлезингера) послу Соединенного Королевства (27 фев. 1962); Gallagher, «Intelligence and Decolonization in British Guiana».

⁷⁵ Catterall (ed.), The Macmillan Diaries vol. II (27 сент. 1962). P. 500, 578.

⁷⁶ Gallagher, «British intelligence and decolonization in British Guiana».

⁷⁷ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 478–479.

⁷⁸ Johnson, Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire; Drayton, «Anglo-American «Liberal» Imperialism». P. 342.

Глава 5

Война в джунглях

¹ Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. P. 379.

² Quoted in TNA CAB 21/2925, Templer, «Report on Colonial Security» (23 апр. 1955).

³ Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. P. 359–366; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire.

⁴ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 408–409, 437; TNA KV 4/408 Лекционный материал по чрезвычайной ситуации в Малайе, s. 1a: JP Morton’s Lecture Notes (без даты).

⁵ TNA CO 537/6006 Law and Order – Malaya. Internal Security; Stockwell (ed.), BDEEP: Malaya doc [148] CO 717/167/52849/2/1948 Creech Jones «Declaration of emergency» (17 июня 1948).

⁶ TNA KV 4/422 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 94a: SIFE Representation on JIC(FE) (7 авг. 1948); RHLO, John Dalley, «The Malayan Security Service» (1 июля 1948); о том, как происходят классические провалы разведки, см. Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision.

⁷ Hack, «British Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency in the Era of Decolonization: The Example of Malaya»; RHLO, John Dalley, «The Malayan Security Service» (1 июля 1948).

⁸ TNA KV 4/408 Лекционный материал о чрезвычайной ситуации в Малайе s. 3: J.P. Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya and how they were solved» (июль 1954). P. 4; Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan. P. 65; Philby, My Silent War; Millar, «British Intelligence in the Far East».

⁹ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 495; Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 32–33.

¹⁰ Peng, My Side of History. P. 163; Short, The Communist Insurrection in Malaya. P. 39–40.

¹¹ Peng, My Side of History. P. 190; Harper, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. P. 50, 142–143; Short, The Communist Insurrection in Malaya. P. 38; Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 342–350.

¹² Short, The Communist Insurrection in Malaya; RHLO Mss. Ind. Ocn. s. 254 Special Conference. Конференция проходила под председательством его превосходительства генерал-губернатора, Сингапур (26 июня 1947); Comber, «The Malayan Security Service (1945–1948)».

¹³ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 430.

¹⁴ Harper, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. P. 142–149.

¹⁵ Comber, «The Malayan Security Service (1945–1948)».

¹⁶ TNA KV 4/421 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 3a: сэр Перси Силлитоу, Хартия разведывательной службы на Дальнем Востоке (6 авг. 1946); KV 4/422 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 98a: Телеграмма Силлитоу – Келлару (18 авг. 1948); Elwell, An Autobiography. P. 91–93.

¹⁷ Hack, «Corpses, Prisoners of War and Captured Documents»; Bren-don, Decline and Fall. P. 442; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 497; Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 91; Stockwell (ed.), BDEEP: Malaya doc [216] CAB 21/1681 MAL C (50)23 Доклад начальника штаба Комитету по Малайе при кабинете министров (24 мая 1950).

¹⁸ TNA CO 537/4757 Special Service Unit for Malaya; CO 537/4239B Special Forces: Malaya s. 10 O.H. Morris (17 Aug 1948); FCO 141/12407 Sarawak: Dayak units to police the jungle.

¹⁹ MacKenzie, Special Force. P. 296.

²⁰ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 498.

²¹ Peng, My Side of History. P. 300; Marston, «Lost and Found in the Jungle: The Indian and British Army Jungle Warfare Doctrines for Burma, 1943-5, and the Malayan Emergency, 1948-60» in Strachan (ed.), Big Wars and Small Wars.

²² Формулировку «информационная паника» см. Bayly, Empire of Information; TNA CO 537/2662 Intelligence reports from DSO, Federation of Malaya and Singapore s. 2: DIA Hamblen, MI5, to Sir Marston Logan, CO (20 июля 1948); там же, s. 3a: Ежемесячный доклад офицера связи по вопросам обороны Федерации Малайи и Сингапура (июль 1948); KV 4/408. Лекционный материал по чрезвычайной ситуации в s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya». P. 11; RHLO Mss. Ind. Ocn. S. 254 Специальная конференция. Конференция проходила под председательством его превосходительства генерал-губернатора, Сингапур (26 июня 1947).

²³ Hyam (ed.), BDEEP: The Labour Government and the End of Empire CO 537/5698 «The colonial empire today» (май 1950) [doc 72]. P. 342.

²⁴ KV 4/426 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 272a: JA Harrison «SIFE liaison with foreign intelligence services» (20 янв. 1954); Государственный архив, Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, Цифровой государственный архив служб безопасности, оценка ЦРУ «Текущая ситуация в Малайе (17 ноября 1949)».

²⁵ TNA KV 4/408 The Malayan Emergency s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya». P. 8; Harper, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. P. 96—103.

²⁶ KV 4/408. Лекционный материал по чрезвычайной ситуации в Малайе, s. 1a: Лекционные записи мирового судьи Мортона (без даты).

²⁷ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 502—3; KV 4/408 Чрезвычайная ситуация в Малайе, s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya». P. 4.

²⁸ Short, Communist Insurrection in Malaya. P. 386; Cloake, Templer: Tiger of Malaya; Smith, «General Templer and counter-insurgency in Malaya: hearts and minds, intelligence, and propaganda»; Hack, «Corpses, prisoners of war and captured documents»; TNA KV 4/408. Лекционный материал по чрезвычайной ситуации в Малайе, s. 1a: Лекционные записи мирового судьи Мортона (без даты). P. 6.

²⁹ Hack, «Corpses, prisoners of war and captured documents». P. 215, 219; Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 90.

³⁰ Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 92; TNA CO 1022/51 The organization and function of the intelligence service in Malaya s. 4 General Sir Gerald Templer to S of S for the colonies (13 фев. 1952).

³¹ Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. P. 366—7; CAB 129/48 Lyttelton, «Malaya» cabinet memorandum (21 дек. 1951) in Stockwell (ed.), BDEEP: Malaya, vol. II doc 257. P. 344.

³² Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 509; Comber, Malaya’s Secret Police. P. 180; Madoc, An Introduction to the Birds of Malaya.

³³ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 498, 505; Comber, Malaya’s Secret Police. P. 188.

³⁴ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 486; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 506; MacKenzie, Special Force. P. 69.

³⁵ TNA FCO 141/7475 Malaya: Commission of Enquiry into the Se-menyih incident; allegations concerning searches; KV 4/408 Чрезвычайная ситуация в Малайе, s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Ma-laya». P. 11, 14, 15.

³⁶ TNA KV 4/408 The Malayan Emergency s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya». P. 11, 14, 15; Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 482.

³⁷ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 532.

³⁸ За предыдущие абзацы мы очень благодарны Олдричу, The Hidden Hand. P. 507; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 150; Clutterbuck, The Long Long War. P. 97; Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 101—2; TNA CO 1035/7 Periodic Reports of the Malayan Holding Centre; KV4/426 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 273 Последние указания генерального директора SIFE (16 фев. 1954).

³⁹ TNA KV 4/408. Лекционный материал по чрезвычайной ситуации в Малайе, s. 3: Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya»; KV4/244 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 172a: Rough Notes on SB Organization (28 апр. 1949).

⁴⁰ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 451, 938; TNA WO 32/19064 War Office Intelligence in internal security (28 авг. 1963); French, The British Way. P. 161.

⁴¹ TNA KV 4/408 Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya»; WO 33/2335 Joint Services pamphlet, «Interrogation in War». P. 18; French, The British Way. P. 157.

⁴² TNA KV 4/408 Morton, «The problems we faced in Malaya». P. 19.

⁴³ TNA KV 4/254 Organization and function of Security Intelligence Organization in the Far East (SIFE) s. 254A: Courtenay Young to Sir John Shaw (23 июня 1954); FCO 141/12625 Security/intelligence courses – Kuching; Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 94; Comber, Malaya’s Secret Police. P. 83—4; French, The British Way. P. 157.

⁴⁴ TNA FO 371/70828 «Germany: Bad Nenndorf», «The value of a detailed interrogation centre» (17 дек. 1947); TNA FO 1005/1744, Statement Lt. Col. R.G.W. Stephens (7 апр. 1947).

⁴⁵ Цитата взята у Френча из The British Way. P. 162; см. также O’Halpin, «A poor thing but our own»; TNA WO 33/2335 Joint Services pamphlet, «Interrogation in War».

⁴⁶ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 450; Chin Peng, My Side of History. P. 342–346; Miller, Jungle War in Malaya. P. 100.

⁴⁷ FCO 141/7429 s. 6 Director of Intelligence The Monthly report on subversive activities (май 1957); French, The British Way. P. 152–153.

⁴⁸ Ben Macintyre, «Lawyers Seek Hidden Documents Linked to British Massacre of 24 Malayan Villagers – Colonial Cover-Up», The Times (9 апр. 2011).

⁴⁹ Peng, My Side of History. P. 195; Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 449—51; Hatton, Took Tok Birds. P. 138.

⁵⁰ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 458, 524.

⁵¹ Louis, Ends of British Imperialism. P. 563; KV 4/408 Чрезвычайная ситуация в Малайе s. 1a: Лекционные записи мирового судьи Мортона (без даты). P. 3; Nagl, Learning to Eat Soup With a Knife; Hoffman, «Insurgency and counterinsurgency in Iraq».

⁵² TNA KV 4/408 The Malayan Emergency s. 5 H Carleton Greene, head Emergency Information Services, «Report on emergency information services, Sept 1950 – Sept 1951» (14 сент. 1951).

⁵³ TNA FO1110/28 Warner Minute (16 июня 1948); FCO 141/746 °Counter-propaganda: a Basic Analysis, extract from a lecture given by head of Information Research Department (сентябрь 1952), distributed in a FO circular; Koestler, The God that Failed.

⁵⁴ Carruthers, Winning Hearts and Minds. P. 90–95; TNA KV 4/408 Чрезвычайная ситуация в Малайе, s. 5 H Carleton Greene, head Emergency Information Services, «Report on emergency information services» (14 сент. 1951).

⁵⁵ TNA DEFE 28/71 Directorate of Forward Plans (23 июля 1951).

⁵⁶ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 458–459.

⁵⁷ TNA CO 1035/38 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies. Federation of Malaya Sir Donald MacGillivray to Alan Lennox-Boyd (1 авг. 1956); CO 1035/6 Problems of intelligence organization in the Federation of Malaya, in connection with constitutional development Minute ND Watson (6 дек. 1956); KV 2/3593 Neil Lawson Minute D.L Haldane Porter (4 фев. 1957); KV 2/3594 Neil Lawson s. 253a: Note on Neil Lawson (20 фев. 1958); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 451.

⁵⁸ TNA FCO 24/513 Malaysia: Defence. Intelligence cooperation with UK.

⁵⁹ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 6–7; Lady Brooke, Queen of the Head-Hunters; TNA FCO 141/7524 Disposal of surplus signals s. 2 W.J. Watts to private secretary to His Excellency, King’s House, Kuala Lumpur (июль 1956).

⁶⁰ TNA KV 2/1855 Anthony Brooke minute 10: CJL Elwell, OS2 (4 фев. 1950); там же s. 9a: H/SIFE to DG MI5 London (25 янв. 1950); FCO 141/1241 «Murderous assault on His Excellency the Governor», Roskams, «British intelligence, imperial defence…»

⁶¹ TNA FCO 141/7234 Malaya: Defence Agreement between UK and Federation of Malaya; Working Party on the Agreement on External Defence and Mutual Assistance; Reynolds, Britannia Overruled. P. 210.

⁶² TNA CO 1035/8 Intelligence and Security aspects of Singapore constitutional talks Minute ND Watson (14 авг. 1956); Там же, протокол ND Watson (5 дек. 1956).

⁶³ TNA FCO 141/12907 Security Intelligence Far East ISD 55/68/104 (24 мая 1964); CO 1035/8 Intelligence and Security aspects of Singapore

constitutional talks, протокол JB Johnson (28 авг. 1956); Lee Kuan Yew также, по-видимому, был стороной в тайной сделке между Lennox-Boyd и Lim: см. Murphy, Lennox-Boyd. P. 177–178.

⁶⁴ TNA FCO 141/12907 Security Intelligence Far East ISD 55/68/104 (24 мая 1964); Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 469.

⁶⁵ Stockwell, BDEEP.

⁶⁶ Mackay, The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960: The Domino That Stood; Harper, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. P. 58; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 165.

⁶⁷ Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Wars. P. 532; Harper, The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. P. 357–382; Laws of Malaysia Act 82 Internal Security Act 1960; TNA DO 35/9937 H. Ellsley to D.R.E. Hopkins (19 нояб. 1959).

Глава 6

Британская разведка и закат Британской империи в Африке

¹ Abrahams, A Wreath for Udomo. P. 76.

² Baldwin, Mau Mau Man Hunt. P. 63.

³ Иная точка зрения, см. Jackson, The British Empire and the Second World War.

⁴ За предыдущие и последующие абзацы я очень благодарен to Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 146–148; Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Labour Government and the End of Empire doc [59] CO 847/36/1 Report of the committee on the conference of African Governors (22 мая 1947).

⁵ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 517; об утверждении Wright’s о том, что Cohen попал под подозрение, см. Spycatcher. P. 264–265.

⁶ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 148—50, 182—4; Goldsworthy (ed.), BDEEP: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire doc [275] CAB 129/62 C(53) 244 Cabinet memorandum by Lyttelton, «Constitutional developments in the Gold Coast» (4 сент. 1953).

⁷ TNA CO 537/2788 «Review of police and security forces in relation to communist infiltration, Gold Coast» (1948), s. 1: Arthur Creech Jones, «Circular to all Governors and colonial Police Commissioners» (5 авг. 1948).

⁸ Rathbone, «Political intelligence and policing in Ghana»; TNA CO 537/3653 «Politicalintelligence reports, West Africa, reports on communism» (1948), «Secret. Communist influence in West Africa» (14 июля 1948).

⁹ TNA KV 4/308—312 «West African intelligence centre and general security»; FO

371/80614—80617 «Political intelligence reports for Colonel Stephens, Security Liaison Officer Accra».

¹⁰ TNA CO 537/3653 «Political intelligence reports, West Africa, reports on communism» (1948), «Secret. Communist influence in West Africa» (14 июля 1948).

¹¹ TNA KV 2/1847 «Francis Kwame Nkrumah», s. 1a: British Security Co-ordination, Washington DC, to Security Executive, London, forwarded to MI5 (31 дек. 1942); KV 2/1847, s. 2a: Special Branch report cross-reference (9 окт. 1945); Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Labour Government and the End of Empire doc [226] CO 537/7181 Minute A.B. Cohen (11 июня 1951).

¹² Hansen, Citizenship and Immigration in Post-War Britain. P. 19 и везде.

¹³ Abrahams, A Wreath for Udomo.

¹⁴ Nkrumah, The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah. P. 45–46.

¹⁵ TNA CO 537/3566 «West African national secretariat», s. 2: MI5 [имя скрыто] to D. Bates, Colonial Office (31 окт. 1946); Там же, s. 6: MI5 [имя скрыто] to Sir Marston Logan, Colonial Office (3 дек. 1946).

¹⁶ Nkrumah, Autobiography. P. 63; TNA KV 2/1847, s. 33ab: «Telecheck CPGB headquarters» (1 янв. 1948); Там же TNA KV 2/1847, s. 39a: Sir Percy Sillitoe to R.W.H. Ballantine, Commissioner of Police, Gold Coast (28 янв. 1948).

¹⁷ TNA KV 2/1847 Minute 50: G.T.D. Patterson (1 апр. 1948); Там же Minute 58: M.J.E. Bagot (30 апр. 1948).

¹⁸ TNA KV 2/1838 Peter Blackman, протокол 14: D.G. White (6 июля 1938); во время написания этой книги никакие документы МИ-5 по Пэдмору не были рассекречены, но информацию о нем можно по крупицам собрать из папок Нкрумы, например NA KV2/1849, s. 128a: R. Stephens, SLO West Africa, to Director-General (26 июля 1950).

¹⁹ Rathbone, «Political intelligence and policing in Ghana». P. 87; Rooney, Sir Charles Arden-Clarke. P. 113.

²⁰ Rathbone, «Political intelligence and policing in Ghana». P. 87.

²¹ TNA KV 2/1849, s. 128a: R. Stephens, SLO West Africa, to Director-General (26 июля 1950).

²² TNA KV 2/1849, s. 144a, «Personality note» (март 1948); KV 2/1849, s. 160b: source TABLE (11 июня 1951); Там же s. 174c: source TABLE (1 июля 1951).

²³ TNA KV 2/1847s.61b: «Personality note» (июнь 1948); KV 2/1848, s. 115a: «Extract from SLO West Africa report on meeting with the new Governor of the Gold Coast» (13 сент. 1949); См. также Rathbone (ed.), BDEEP: Ghana doc [85] CO 537/5263 FO Research Department «A survey of communism in Africa» (июнь 1950).

²⁴ TNA KV 2/1849, s. 144a: MI5 [имя скрыто] to Juxon Barton, Colonial Office (20 марта 1951); там же, s. 146a: получен совершенно секретный документ, Juxon Barton (20 марта 1953); Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Labour Government and the End of Empire doc [224] CO 537/7181 Sir Charles Arden-Clarke to A.B. Cohen (5 мар. 1951); Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 149; School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, Papers of Sir Charles Arden-Clarke.

²⁵ TNA KV 2/1850. Протокол 209: Sir John Shaw (1 янв. 1952); KV 2/1850, s. 245a: SLO West Africa to Director-General (24 сент. 1952).

²⁶ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 149; Pearce, The Turning Point in Africa: British Colonial Policy, 1938–1948; Rathbone (ed.), BDEEP: Ghana doc [115] Lyttelton cabinet memorandum «Amendment of the Gold Coast constitution» (9 фев. 1952).

²⁷ TNA KV 2/1850, s. 226b: H. Loftus-Brown to Trafford Smith, Colonial Office (5 июля 1952).

²⁸ TNA KV 2/1851, s. 285a: H. Loftus-Brown to Juxon Barton, Colonial Office (3 июня 1953).

²⁹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 452.

³⁰ National Archives, Washington DC, CREST system CIA Report «Communism in Africa» (24 янв. 1951). P. 19; см. также TNA CO 1035/132 Commonwealth Prime Ministers» meeting. Probable attitudes of potential new Commonwealth members to the Soviet Union.

³¹ TNA CAB 158/16 Chiefs of Staff. Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (53) 75 «Situation in Central African Colonies» (7 авг. 1953); JIC (53) 75 «Situation in East African Colonies» (7 авг. 1953); JIC (53) 75 «Situation in West African Colonies» (7 авг. 1953); CO 1035/132 Commonwealth Prime Ministers» meeting. Probable attitudes of potential new commonwealth members to the Soviet Union.

³² TNA CO 1035/17 Communist influence in Africa, Minute Juxon Barton (14 фев. 1956).

³³ tNa KV 2/1850, s. 247a: «Note for file», H. Loftus-Brown (15 окт. 1952); KV 2/1850, Minute 261: Sir John Shaw (1 дек. 1952); for Arden-Clarke, Nkrumah and the NLA, см. Rathbone, Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951–1960.

³⁴ TNA Kv 2/1916 Kojo Botsio Minute 86 WMT Magan (27 авг. 1954); там же, s. 82z: SLO West Africa, P.M. Kirby Green, to MI5 London (17 авг. 1954) including letter SLO to Sir Charles Arden-Clarke (5 авг. 1954); CO 1035/36 «Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Gold Coast»; s. 2 Sir Charles Arden-Clarke to Alan Lennox-Boyd (27 июня 1956).

35 TNA CO 1035/36 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Gold Coast; CO 1035/95 Security Intelligence Advisers – Mr MacDonald’s report the Gold Coast (окт. 1955).

³⁶ TNA CO 1035/13 «Communications Security Problems» PH Can-ham Accra to JS Bennett CO London (18 дек. 1956); там же s. 34 Anthony Crane, LCSA, to ND Watson, CO (21 сент. 1956).

³⁷ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 454.

³⁸ TNA KV 2/1849 «Kwame Nkrumah» s. 176a: «Note», H. Loftus-Brown (13 июля 1951); Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. 196–197; Fleming, Diamonds are Forever; CO 544/795 «Supply of information to Sir Percy Sillitoe concerning illicit diamond buying in West Africa»; Bristow, A Game of Moles. P. 249–250.

³⁹ Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive vol. II The KGB and the World. P. 428–435; Baynham, «Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?: The Case of Nkrumah’s National Security Service».

⁴⁰ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 460.

⁴¹ TNA CO 1035/96 Reports by Security Intelligence Advisers – Mr MacDonald’s report on Nigeria (февраль 1955) s. 1a AM MacDonald, SIA, to Secretary of State for Colonies (1 марта 1955).

⁴² TNA CO 1035/96 Reports by Security Intelligence Advisers – Mr MacDonald’s report on Nigeria (февраль 1955) s. 1a AM MacDonald, SIA, to Secretary of State for Colonies (1 мар. 1955); MSS Afr. s. 1784 (14) JJ O’Sullivan, от руки написанная рукопись, «Papers relating to service with Nigerian Special Branch» (23 апр. 1982); Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 525–526.

⁴³ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 275.

⁴⁴ RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (14) J.J. O’Sullivan, от руки написанная рукопись, «Papers relating to service with Nigerian Special Branch» (23 апр. 1982). P. 34–36.

⁴⁵ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 538.

⁴⁶ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 473.

⁴⁷ Blixen, Out of Africa; Anderson, Histories of the Hanged.

⁴⁸ Lapping, End of Empire. P. 425; Elkins, Britain’s Gulag.

⁴⁹ Elkins, Britain’s Gulag; Anderson, Histories of the Hanged; критика Elkins см. Письмо David Elstein, London Review of Books (5 июня 2005); Blacker, «The Demography of Mau Mau».

⁵⁰ Ian Cobain and Richard Norton-Taylor, «Sins of Colonialists Lay Concealed in Secret Archive for Decades», Guardian (18 апр. 2012).

⁵¹ Berman and Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley.

⁵² Lonsdale, «British Colonial Officials and the Kikuyu People» in Smith (ed.), Administering Empire: The British Colonial Service in Retrospect. P. 95–97.

⁵³ Kitson, Gangs and Counter-Gangs. P. 131.

⁵⁴ Ndiku Mutua, Paulo Nzili, Wambugu Nyingi, Jane Muthoni Mara & Susan Ngondi v The Foreign and Commonwealth Office [2011] EWHC 1913 (QB) at [20].

⁵⁵ Ruark, Something of Value; Elkins, Britain’s Gulag; Kyle, The Politics of the Independence of Kenya. P. 48; TNA WO 32/15834 Court of Enquiry in Kenya s. 12a: George Erskine to Antony Head, военному министру (10 дек. 1953).

⁵⁶ Lyttelton, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. P. 394—5; Lonsdale, «Mau Maus of the Mind»; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 188—92; Silli-toe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. 191–193.

⁵⁷ Elkins, Britain’s Gulag; Anderson, Histories of the Hanged; официальные цифры приведены у Corfield, Historical Survey of the Origins and Growth of Mau Mau; TNA WO 236/18 General Sir George Erskine, «The Kenya Emergency»; FCO 141/6086 Mau Mau unrest; collective punishment under Emergency Regulations 1952.

⁵⁸ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 555; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 191.

⁵⁹ Lonsdale, «Mau Maus of the Mind».

⁶⁰ Magan, Middle Eastern Approaches. P. 126; TNA WO 276/10 «Security conference, Nairobi, август 18–29» (1947); Sillitoe, Cloak Without Dagger. P. 10–58.

⁶¹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 456.

⁶² TNA CO 822/445, s. 20: «Note of meeting held in the Secretary of State’s room» (15 дек. 1952); TNA CO 822/445, s. 21 Sir Evelyn Baring to Sir Thomas Lloyd (10 дек. 1952); там же, s. 22: Sir Thomas Lloyd to Sir Evelyn Baring (9 янв. 1953).

63 TNA CO 822/445, s. 14: Sir Thomas Lloyd to Sir Evelyn Baring (15 нояб. 1952); «Kikuyu Base Surprised», The Times (22 нояб. 1952); Heather, «Intelligence and counter-insurgency in Kenya». P. 61.

⁶⁴ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 457.

⁶⁵ RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (23) T.W. Jenkins, «Memoire» (28 авг. 1982). P. 30; Blundell, So Rough a Wind. P. 187; TNA WO 236/20 Lt Gen Lathbury, «The Kenya Emergency» (3 мая 1955 – 17 нояб. 1956), Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 457.

⁶⁶ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 555.

⁶⁷ Anderson, Histories of the Hanged.

⁶⁸ TNA CO 926/1076 MacDonald to Neale (4 янв. 1957); French, The British Way. P. 216.

⁶⁹ TNA WO 236/18 Gen. Sir George Erskine, «The Kenya emergency», июнь 1953 – май 1955; Sir Richard Catling RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (21). Доклад, прочитанный в Университете Нью-Брансуик, Канада (13 фев. 1979). P. 55.

⁷⁰ TNA WO 236/18 Gen. Sir George Erskine, «The Kenya emergency», июнь 1953 – май 1955; Sir Richard Catling Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (21) Доклад, прочитанный в Университете Нью-Брансуик, Канада (13 фев. 1979). P. 55; о приеме «замены» см. Elkins, Britain’s Gulag. P. 319–332.

⁷¹ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 190.

⁷² tNa WO 32/15834 Court of Enquiry in Kenya letter Erskine to Secretary of State for War (10 дек 1953).

⁷³ Mutua v The Foreign and Commonwealth Office [2011] EWHC 1913 (QB), параграф 126.

⁷⁴ Там же.

⁷⁵ Там же в параграфе 46.

⁷⁶ Там же в параграфе 43; Elkins, Britain’s Gulag.

⁷⁷ French, The British Way. P. 145, 157-8; WO 33/2335 Joint Services pamphlet, «Interrogation in War»; беседа автора с бывшим офицером службы безопасности (сент. 2011).

⁷⁸ RHLO Sir Richard Catling Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (21) «Law Enforcement, Kenya» (Ms. написано 10 мая 1982). P. 11; беседа автора с бывшим офицером службы безопасности (сент. 2011).

⁷⁹ Kitson, Gangs and Counter-Gangs. P. 74 и везде.

⁸⁰ Baldwin, Mau Mau Man Hunt. P. 83; French, The British Way. P. 158.

⁸¹ RHLO Mss. Brit. Emp. s. 486 6/4 s. 10 Arthur Young Papers, «Agreed public statement with Lennox-Boyd, colonial secretary, following resignation» (1955).

⁸² TNA FCO 141/6769 Statement by his Excellency the Governor (31 мар. 1960); Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 190.

⁸³ Berman, «Jomo Kenyatta», DNB (онлайн-издание доступно с 4 янв. 2010).

⁸⁴ TNA KV 2/1787 Jomo Kenyatta s. 13a: Sir Vernon Kell to D.C.J. Mc-Sweeney, министерство по делам колоний (16 дек. 1933); Там же Sir Vernon Kell to Commissioner of Police, Kenya (18 янв. 1934); там же s. 23a: Home Office Warrant (3 янв. 1934).

⁸⁵ TNA KV 2/1787 Jomo Kenyatta s. 96b: Jane Archer (8 янв. 1936).

⁸⁶ TNA KV 2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta s. 233a: Sir David Petrie to A.W. Riggs, DIS Kenya (13 сент. 1944).

⁸⁷ TNA KV 2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta s. 248a: O.J. Mason, MI5, to J.D. Bates, министерство по делам колоний (29 дек. 1945).

⁸⁸ TNA KV 2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta протокол 357: H. Loftus-Brown (20 нояб. 1953).

⁸⁹ TNA KV 2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta s. 357b: H. Loftus-Brown to Juxon Barton (22 нояб. 1952).

⁹⁰ TNA KV 2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta s. 333b: B.M. de Quehen, SLO Central Africa, to Director-General MI5 (23 июля 1951); Pegushev, «Af-rikanski v komminterne». P. 37–49; Pegushev, «The Unknown Kenyatta». P. 172–198; Suchkov, «Dzhomo Keniata v Mosckve». P. 106–121;

McClellan, «Africans and Black Americans in the Comintern Schools, 1925–1934». P. 371–390.

⁹¹ TNA CO 968/261, s. 1a: Sir John Shaw to T.S. Tull, IRD, министерство иностранных дел, копия to Juxon Barton, министерство по делам колоний (23 дек. 1952).

⁹² Выявлено в TNA KV 2/2541 Peter Mbui Koinange, в частности s. 334a: H. Loftus Brown to CJJT Barton, CO (31 окт. 1952).

⁹³ TNA KV2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta s. 357b: SLO East Africa Quarterly Review (20 окт. 1952); Lonsdale, «Kenyatta’s trials: breaking and making of an African nationalist» in Cross (ed.), The Moral World of the Law. P. 196–239; Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 190–191.

⁹⁴ RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (24) M.C. Manby, «Law Enforcement – Kenya» «Law enforcement in former British African territories. A memoir by Mc Manby» (фев. 1982); CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 2: E.N. Griffith Jones, канцелярия губернатора, Nairobi, to F.D. Webber, министерство по делам колоний (18 июня 1963).

⁹⁵ TNA FCO 141/6957 Security of official correspondence s. 38 «Measure for the protection of official documents. Protection of Special Branch Material. Use of the marking «Watch»«(март 1961); там же, s. 43 Governor of Uganda to S of S for colonies (22 марта 1961); там же, s. 46/1 The Kenya Police Special Branch; FCO 141/6960 Kenya: cypher telegram traffic.

⁹⁶ Collings, Reflections on a Statesman: The Writings and Speeches of Enoch Powell. P. 207.

⁹⁷ Macmillan, Pointing the Way Appendix One: «Address by Harold Macmillan to members of both Houses of the Parliament of the Union of South Africa, Cape Town, 3 февраля 1960»; Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire doc [32] DO 35/10570 no 3 Address by Mr Macmillan (3 фев. 1960).

⁹⁸ Macleod, «Trouble in Africa», Spectator (31 янв. 1964).

⁹⁹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 464.

¹⁰⁰ Wright, Spycatcher. P. 58; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 467, 852.

¹⁰¹ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 3.

¹⁰² Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 852; le Carre, Mission Song.

¹⁰³ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 464; RHLO MSS Brit Emp s. 533 Macolm MacDonald, записи интервью (1970). P. 10–11.

¹⁰⁴ TNA CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 3: FD Webber to Sir Eric Griffith-Jones (6 авг. 1963); CAB 158/43 Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (61) 23 (Final) «Background to the political situation in British territories in East and Central Africa» (23 марта 1961); неофициальная информация.

¹⁰⁵ TNA CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 8 J.A. Harrison, SIA, to J.N.A. Armitage Smith (17 окт. 1963) with note RH Hollis DG «Note» (11 окт. 1963); Sir Richard Catling RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 1784 (21) «Law Enforcement, Kenya» (Ms. написано 10 мая 1982). P. 42.

¹⁰⁶ TNA FCO 141/7094 Oginga Odinga; RHLO Mss. Afr. s. 2159 Box 2 «Miscellaneous reports» s. 110 M.C. Manby, Director of Security and Intelligence, «The present security scene in Kenya», copied to SLO Mr WF Bell (4 июля 1962). P. 19–21.

¹⁰⁷ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 475; Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire doc [178]

CAB 128/37 CC 41(63) Cabinet conclusions (24 июня 1964); беседа автора с бывшим офицером SIS (20 апр. 2009).

¹⁰⁸ TNA CO 1035/171 Security Liaison Officers – Policy s.E/4 Sir Roger Hollis, DG MI5, to Sir Burke Trend, Cabinet Office (13 нояб. 1965).

¹⁰⁹ Bergman, «Israel and Africa: military and intelligence liaisons». P. 119–121, 176–179; TNA CAB 158/51 Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (64) 8 (Final) «Israeli activities in Africa» (29 июля 1964).

¹¹⁰ TNA KV 1/19 «D-Branch Report»; pReM 8/1283 Security in South Africa: visit of Sir Percy Sillitoe «Visit by the Director-General of the Security Service to South Africa» (дек. 1949).

¹¹¹ Chavkin, «British Intelligence and the Zionist, South African, and Australian intelligence communities».

¹¹² O’Brien, South African Intelligence Services. P. 19–21; Chavkin, «British Intelligence and the Zionist, South African, and Australian intelligence communities».

¹¹³ TNA PREM 8/1283 Security in South Africa: visit of Sir Percy Sillitoe «Visit by the Director-General of the Security Service to South Africa» (декабрь 1949).

¹¹⁴ TNA KV 2/2502 Michael Scott.

¹¹⁵ TNA PReM 8/1283 Memorandum for the Prime Minister from the Director General of the Security Service (18 окт. 1949); CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 8 J.A. Harrison, SIA, to J.N.A. Armitage Smith (17 окт. 1963) с комментарием RH Hollis DG «Note» (11 окт. 1963); DO 183/480 The Security Liaison Officer Service and intelligence organization in Central Africa s. 11 JNA Armitage Smith to Sir Hugh Stephenson, British Embassy Cape Town (4 июня 1963); Murphy, «South African intelligence, the Wilson Plot and post-Imperial trauma» in Major and Moran (eds), Spooked: Britain, Empire and Intelligence Since 1945. P. 97—118.

¹¹⁶ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 635–637; Freeman and Penrose, Rinkagate.

¹¹⁷ Tomlinson, The Big Breach. P. 140–142.

¹¹⁸ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 282–288; Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 580; Reynolds, Britannia Overruled. P. 210.

¹¹⁹ Murphy (ed.), BDEEP: Central Africa doc 102 Intelligence in central Africa, письмо от I.M.R. Maclennan к R.W.D. Fowler, с приложением письма от B.M. de Quehen to Maclennan (15 июня 1954).

¹²⁰ Murphy, «A Police State? The Nyasaland Emergency and Colonial Intelligence»; TNA CO 1035/143 Security Situation – Nyasaland s. 10 J.E. Day [MI5] to N.D. Watson (3 марта 1959).

¹²¹ Catterall (ed.), The Macmillan Diaries. P. 235 (13 июля 1959); о прослушивании разговоров Banda в тюрьме, см. Murphy (ed.), British Documents on the End of Empire: Central Africa Doc 219 «Future of Hastings

Banda» FISB краткое изложение бесед между D Foot and H Banda [CO 1015/2442] (23–24 янв. 1960); Ibid. Doc 300 Activities of Lord Lambton: примечание к записи TJ Bligh о встрече между Mr Macmillan и лордом Lambton [PREM] 11/3496] (2 авг. 1961).

¹²² TNA KV 2/1916 Kojo Botsio Minute 70a: MI5 DG to SLO Central Africa and West Africa (20 марта 1953); Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 582, 584; неофициальная информация.

¹²³ TNA DO 183/480 The Security Liaison Officer Service and intelligence organization in Central Africa Minute N.D. Watson (30 нояб. 1962); там же s. 1a A.J. Kellar to W.S. Bates, Central African Office, CO (5 сент. 1962).

¹²⁴ TNA DO 183/480 s. 18: Evelyn Detone, Government House, Lusaka, to S.P. Whitby, Central African Offi ce, CO (14 марта 1964).

¹²⁵ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 468.

¹²⁶ TNA DO 183/214 R.H. Hollis «Memorandum» (21 сент. 1962).

¹²⁷ Flower, Serving Secretly. P. 11, 14–15, 81; Verrier, The Road to Zimbabwe. P. 112–113.

Глава 7

Британская разведка, тайные операции и подавление повстанческого движения на Ближнем Востоке

¹ TNA CO 1035/24 Egyptian nationalization of the Suez Canal Juxon Barton (1 авг. 1956).

² TNA FO 800/749 Suez records s. Attorney General, Reginald Man-ningham-Buller, to Selwyn Lloyd (1 нояб. 1956).

³ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 487.

⁴ Woodhouse, Something Ventured. P. 110; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 480.

⁵ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 470; Smith, Ending Empire in the Middle East: Britain, the United States and Post-War Decolonization.

⁶ CIA Clandestine service history, «Overthrow of premier Mossadeq of Iran, ноябрь 1952 – август 1953» (март 1954). P. 4, available; Verrier, Through the Looking Glass; Dorril, MI6. P. 569. История ЦРУ была впервые опубликована в New York Times в апреле 2000 г., доступна на http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/041600iran-cia-index.html

⁷ Woodhouse, Something Ventured. P. 101; CIA Clandestine service history, «Overthrow of premier Mossadeq of Iran».

⁸ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 474.

⁹ Woodhouse, Something Ventured. P. 130.

¹⁰ CIA Clandestine service history, «Overthrow of premier Mossadeq of Iran». P. 78–81.

¹¹ Young, Who is My Liege?. P. 7; Smith, The Spying Game; неофициальная информация.

¹² Hennessy, Having it so Good. P. 419–422; Louis, «Public Enemy Number One: Britain and the United Nations in the aftermath of Suez» in Lynn (ed.), The British Empire in the 1950s: Retreat or Revival?

¹³ За следующие абзацы я очень благодарен Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 226–240; см. также Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 488; Shuckburgh, Descent to Suez. P. 341.

¹⁴ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 480; Wright, Spycatcher. P. 160.

¹⁵ Bower, Perfect English Spy. P. 192.

¹⁶ Churchill College Archives Centre Misc 30 «Suez meeting at Sevres, 22–25 Oct 1956», рассказано Donald Logan (24 окт. 1956).

¹⁷ TNA CAB158/25 Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (56) 96 (Final) «Operation Musketeer – security of signal traffic» (6 сент. 1956).

¹⁸ Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only. P. 227.

¹⁹ TNA CAB158/25 JIC (56) 80 (Final) «Egyptian Nationalization of the Suez Canal Company» (10 августа 1956).

²⁰ Lucas, «The missing link? Patrick Dean, chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee» in Kelly and Gorst (eds), Whitehall and the Suez Crisis. P. 117–125; Cradock, Know Your Enemy: How the Joint Intelligence Committee Saw the World. P. 134; Hennessy, Having it so Good. P. 419–421; Cooper, The Lion’s Last Roar. P. 170.

²¹ Hennessy, The Prime Minister. P. 227; Kyle, Suez. P. 84–85; Lucas, Divided we Stand.

²² Неофициальная информация.

²³ Cradock, Know Your Enemy. P. 134; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 156–159.

²⁴ TNA FO 800/747 Suez Canal GG Fitzmaurice to Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick (5 нояб. 1956); FO 800/749 Suez records s. 2 Attorney General, Reginald Manningham-Buller, to Selwyn Lloyd (1 нояб. 1956); Hen-nessy, Having it so Good. P. 427–429.

²⁵ Shuckburgh, Descent to Suez. P. 365.

²⁶ Hyam and Louis (eds), BDEEP: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire doc [1] CAB 134/1555 CPC (57)6 (28 Jan 1957); там же doc [2] CAB 134/1551 CPC (57)27 Sir N. Brook, «Future constitutional development in the colonies» (май 1957); там же doc [3] Sir Norman Brook, «Future constitutional development in the colonies» (6 сент. 1957); French, The British Way. P. 229.

²⁷ TNA PREM11/2321 Arrangement by Cabinet Secretary for small group of officials to carry out re-assessment of UK interests abroad s. 9 «The Position of the United Kingdom in World Affairs» (5 июня 1958).

²⁸ CO 1035/22 Joint Intelligence Committee aspects: activities of Cairo radio and its impact on British territories in Africa.

²⁹ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 568; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 159–162.

³⁰ За эти абзацы я благодарен Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 615–620.

³¹ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 574.

³² Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 620.

³³ TNA CO 1035/98 Reports by Security Intelligence Advisers – Mr MacDonald’s report on Cyprus, декабрь 1955 AM MacDonald Minute 8 дек. 1954; там же sla AM MacDonald, SIA, to Governor of Cyprus (21 авг. 1954).

³⁴ Foley (ed.), The Memoirs of General Grivas. P. 40.

³⁵ French, The British Way. P. 22; TNA CO 1035/98 s. 6: «Final Report by the Security Service Adviser to the Cyprus Police Special Branch» (Nicosia, апр. 1955); CAB 158/30 Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (58) 49 «The situation in Cyprus» (28 апр. 1958).

³⁶ Foley (ed.), The Memoirs of General Grivas. P. 28.

³⁷ Там же. P. 69; Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 571; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 464; Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 620.

³⁸ Jack Malvern, «Secret Plan to Deport Troublesome Cypriot». The Times (18 апр. 2012).

³⁹ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 573; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 463.

⁴⁰ French, The British Way. P. 159.

⁴¹ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 577; Foley (ed.), The Memoirs of General Grivas. P. 69.

⁴² Foot, Emergency Exit. P. 19–22; Bower, Perfect English Spy. P. 231.

⁴³ Aldrich, The Hidden Hand. P. 577; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 464.

⁴⁴ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 465; Horne, Macmillan, vol. II. P. 100.

⁴⁵ CAB 158/38 Joint Intelligence Committee JIC (59) 92 «Cyprus intelligence organisation» (30 нояб. 1959).

⁴⁶ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 162–163.

⁴⁷ Там же. P. 7, 163.

⁴⁸ За это я благодарен новаторской магистерской диссертации Will Leslie, «British intelligence in Aden and South Arabia, 1963–1967»; также см. Vital, The Making of British Foreign Policy. P. 89—103; Mawby, British Policy in Aden and the Protectorate; French, The British Way. P. 13.

⁴⁹ Brendon, Decline and Fall. P. 500.

⁵⁰ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 473.

⁵¹ Macmillan, At the End of the Day: 1961–1963. P. 267.

⁵² TNA CO 1055/196 Trevaskis to Colonial Office (10 дек. 1963).

⁵³ French, The British Way. P. 26–27.

⁵⁴ TNA CO 1035/181/6 Colonial Office, Organization of Intelligence 14 Jan 1964; CO 1055/62/9 Aden intelligence summary no. 4 for the month of April 1963; Mawby, British Policy in the Aden Protectorates. P. 25–26, 71–73, 78–79.

⁵⁵ TNA CO 1055/196 Trevaskis to Colonial Office (10 дек. 1963).

⁵⁶ Leslie, «British Intelligence in Aden». P. 30—3; cf. Trevaskis, Shades of Amber. P. 211.

⁵⁷ Leslie, «British Intelligence in Aden». P. 30—3; TNA CO 1035/181/44 D Russell Minute (9 апр. 1964); CO 1035/181 s. 7 «Note of a meeting between Secretary for Defence and the High Commissioner» (9 янв. 1964).

⁵⁸ TNA CO 1035/178 s. 1 W Formoy to D Russell (3 апр. 1963); CO 1035/86 Reports by Security Intelligence Advisers – Aden s. 49a GRH Gribble, SIA, to Sir William Luce, Governor, Aden (17 сент. 1956).

⁵⁹ TNA CO 1035/180 s. 259, Report by J. Prendergast, Director of Special Branch, Hong Kong, on visit to Aden (18 нояб. 1965); CO 1035/178/89 J. Morton (11 фев. 1965); CO 1035/178 s. 82E Chairman JIC 1 фев. 1965; CO 1055/202 Acting High Commissioner to Colonial Office (25 дек. 1964); CO 1055/221 Turnbull to Colonial Office (14 сент. 1965); об убийстве офицеров особого отдела в предыдущем абзаце, см. French, The British Way. P. 24–26.

⁶⁰ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 474; TNA FO 371/185233 J. Pren-dergast, «A Note on Terrorism in Aden» (6 дек. 1966).

⁶¹ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 474; Leslie, «British Intelligence in Aden». P. 54; TNA FO 371/185233 J. Prendergast, «A Note on Terrorism in Aden» (6 дек. 1966); von Bulow, «The Foreign Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany: Franco – German Relations, and the Algerian War 1954—62»; Trevelyan, Middle East in Revolution. P. 222.

⁶² French, The British Way. P. 242.

⁶³ Там же. P. 149, 159, 170, 242; Horne, A Savage War of Peace. P. 212; TNA CO 1035/180 Prendergast to Turnbull, Aden Intelligence Centre, report by Prendergast on visit to Aden (18 нояб. 1965); CO 1055/266 Petition by 27 detainees held at Fort Morbut to the minister of state for colonial affairs (27 нояб. 1964).

⁶⁴ Macmillan, At the End of the Day 1961–1963. P. 263; Hart-Davis, The War that Never Was; Smiley, Arabian Assignment; Hinchcliffe and Holt, Without Glory in Arabia; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 164.

⁶⁵ Hart-Davis, The War that Never Was.

⁶⁶ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 476–477.

⁶⁷ TNA CAB 182/55/1 Joint Intelligence Committee Aden working party (15 апр. 1966); CAB 182/55/2 «Joint Intelligence Committee Aden working party» (27 апр. 1966).

Заключение

Британская разведка: последняя полутень империи

¹ Hyam, Britain’s Declining Empire. P. 326.

² TNA CO 1035/139 Survey of subversive activities in the colonies (1957) Minute ND Watson (13 фев. 1958).

³ Bloch, Strange Defeat. P. 83.

⁴ Freedman, The Official History of the Falklands; Bicheno, Razor’s Edge: The Unofficial History of the Falklands War.

⁵ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 151; TNA FCO 141/12635 Hong Kong Local Intelligence Committee; FCO 141/7463 Papers of the Joint Intelligence Committee (Far East) JIC (FE) (55) 8 (Final) «The probable attitude of the Chinese population of South East Asia and Hong Kong in the event of war» (7 июня 1955); Louis, «Hong Kong: the critical years 1945–1949».

⁶ TNA FCO 21/199 «Long Term Study» OPDC (DR) (67) 52 (18 авг. 1967); Shibuya, «British intelligence in Hong Kong in the era of the Cultural Revolution», везде.

⁷ TNA CAB 158/7 JIC (49) 44/10 (Final) A Review of the threat to Hong Kong as of 19 сентября 1949; CAB 158/7 JIC 949) 44/11 (Final) A Review of the threat to Hong Kong as of 4 October 1949; CAB 158/15 JIC (53) 13 (Final) Radical Review – Consequences of reduction of garrison in Hong Kong (3 фев. 1953).

⁸ Shibuya, «British intelligence in Hong Kong in the era of the Cultural Revolution», везде.

⁹ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 152.

¹⁰ Там же. P. 154.

¹¹ Patten, East and West: The Last Governor of Hong Kong on Power, Freedom and the Future. P. 38–39, 65; неофициальная информация.

¹² TNA CO 1035/187 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 6: EN Griffith-Jones to FD Webber (14 авг. 1963).

¹³ TNA CO 1035/39 Organization of intelligence services in the colonies s. 2 Sir Robin Black to Alan Lennox-Boyd «Organization of intelligence» (3 авг. 1956); CO 1035/187 Organisation of intelligence services in the colonies – Kenya s. 2: EN Griffith-Jones, Governor’s Office, Nairobi, to FD Webber, CO (18 июня 1963); FCO 141/6957 Security of official correspondence.

¹⁴ Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 468.

¹⁵ TNA CAB 158/30 JIC (57) 115 (Final) «Intelligence organization in the colonial territories» (8 нояб. 1957). P. 1, 5, and. P. 4 – о числе обученных офицеров.

¹⁶ Jeffery, MI6. P. 696—7; CAB 158/15 JIC 58 (53) 49 «Standards of security in Israel» (2 мая 1953); Hennessy, Having it so Good. P. 299, цитата от сэра Gerry Warner.

¹⁷ BDEEP part 1. P. 190–251 (no 59) CO 847/36/1 no 9 (22 мая 1947).

¹⁸ TNA FO 371/80617 «Political intelligence reports on West Africa for Colonel Stephens, Security Liaison Officer Accra», Juxon Barton, министерство по делам колоний, губернатору Золотого Берега (13 нояб. 1950); KV2/1788 Jomo Kenyatta; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 470; TNA kv4/469 Diaries of Guy Liddell (10 сент. 1947).

¹⁹ Craig, Crisis of Confidence; Andrew, Defence of the Realm. P. 600—26.

²⁰ Frankland, Child of My Time. P. 89; неофициальная информация.

²¹ Неофициальная информация.

²² Reynolds, Britannia Overruled. P. 203–208.

²³ FCO 141/1355 British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT.

²⁴ Pilger, Freedom Next Time. P. 38; Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 339.

²⁵ Bancoult v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2006] EWHC 1038 (Admin); FCO 141/1355 British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) s. 13 BIOT 157/172 (17 окт. 1968).

²⁶ Aldrich, GCHQ. P. 337; TNA FCO 141/1355 British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) FCO telegram to Washington (24 нояб. 1970); FCO 141/1431 BIOT радиосообщения.

²⁷ French, The British Way. P. 33.

²⁸ TNA WO 32/15834 Court of Enquiry in Kenya letter Erskine to Secretary of State for War (10 дек. 1953); Lazreg, Torture and the Twilight of Empire from Algiers to Baghdad.

²⁹ Ian Cobain and Richard Norton-Taylor, «Sins of Colonialists Lay Concealed in Secret Archive for Decades», Guardian (18 апр. 2012).

³⁰ Murphy (ed.), BDEEP: Central Africa Doc 257 Belgian Congo FO Minutes by HFT Smith, ADM Ross, and Sir R Stevens on proposal to remove Patrice Lumumba [FO 371/146650] (28 и 29 сент. 1960).